{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:25:17Z","timestamp":1787891117829,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 MH062294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 MH062294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Tuberculosis incidence in the United States is declining, yet projections indicate that we will not eliminate tuberculosis in the 21st century. Incidence rates in regions serving the rural and urban poor, including recent immigrants, are well above the national average. People experiencing incarceration and homelessness represent additional key populations. Better engagement of marginalized populations will not succeed without first addressing the structural racism that fuels continued transmission. Examples include:(1)systematic underfunding of contact tracing in health departments serving regions where Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) live;(2) poor access to affordable care in state governments that refuse to expand insurance coverage to low-income workers through the Affordable Care Act;(3) disproportionate incarceration of BIPOC into crowded prisons with low tuberculosis screening rates; and(4) fear-mongering among immigrants that discourages them from accessing preventive health services. To eliminate tuberculosis, we must first eliminate racist policies that limit essential health services in vulnerable communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T20:10:05Z","timestamp":1605989405000},"page":"e3531-e3535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Confronting Structural Racism in the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5801-2763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuella N","family":"Asabor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7289-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sten H","family":"Vermund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110300270155600_CIT0001","volume-title":"Data & statistics: TB"},{"key":"2021110300270155600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61063-1","article-title":"Treating tuberculosis as a social disease","volume":"383","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021110300270155600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X","article-title":"Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions","volume":"389","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021110300270155600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30567-3","article-title":"Death by racism","volume":"20","author":"Barber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021110300270155600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.76.12.1416","article-title":"The effects of race, residence, and prenatal care on the relationship of maternal age to neonatal mortality","volume":"76","author":"Geronimus","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2021110300270155600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1525\/tran.2005.13.2.79","article-title":"Resistance and resilience: the sojourner syndrome and the social context of reproduction in central Harlem","volume":"13","author":"Mullings","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transform Anthropol"},{"key":"2021110300270155600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.171058","article-title":"Critical race theory, race equity, and public health: toward antiracism praxis","volume":"100","author":"Ford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2021110300270155600_CIT0008","volume-title":"Levels of racism: a theoretic framework and a gardener\u2019s tale. 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