{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:43:55Z","timestamp":1782917035906,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Program; the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core"},{"name":"Genomics Core"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004397","name":"Ministry of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007833","name":"Hamad Medical Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk of reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unknown. We assessed the risk and incidence rate of documented SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of laboratory-confirmed cases in Qatar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-confirmed cases with at least 1 polymerase chain reaction\u2013positive swab that was \u226545 days after a first positive swab were individually investigated for evidence of reinfection. Viral genome sequencing of the paired first positive and reinfection viral specimens was conducted to confirm reinfection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 133 266 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 243 persons (0.18%) had at least 1 subsequent positive swab \u226545 days after the first positive swab. Of these, 54 cases (22.2%) had strong or good evidence for reinfection. Median time between the first swab and reinfection swab was 64.5 days (range, 45\u2013129). Twenty-three of the 54 cases (42.6%) were diagnosed at a health facility, suggesting presence of symptoms, while 31 (57.4%) were identified incidentally through random testing campaigns\/surveys or contact tracing. Only 1 person was hospitalized at the time of reinfection but was discharged the next day. No deaths were recorded. Viral genome sequencing confirmed 4 reinfections of 12 cases with available genetic evidence. Reinfection risk was estimated at 0.02% (95% confidence interval [CI], .01%\u2013.02%), and reinfection incidence rate was 0.36 (95% CI, .28\u2013.47) per 10 000 person-weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 reinfection can occur but is a rare phenomenon suggestive of protective immunity against reinfection that lasts for at least a few months post primary infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T22:38:19Z","timestamp":1607553499000},"page":"e1830-e1840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Assessment of the Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection in an Intense Reexposure Setting"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Laith J","family":"Abu-Raddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV\/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiam","family":"Chemaitelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV\/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel A","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayeda A","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin A","family":"Mohamoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shameem","family":"Younuskunju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houssein H","family":"Ayoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaina","family":"Al Kanaani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullatif","family":"Al Khal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einas","family":"Al Kuwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeel A","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jeremijenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anvar Hassan","family":"Kaleeckal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Nizar","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyazuddin 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