{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:21:51Z","timestamp":1790295711368,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI 105781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI 105781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) involves severe fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairment, leading to functional difficulties; prior studies have not evaluated risk factors with behavioral and immune data collected before developing ME\/CFS. Up to 5% of university students develop infectious mononucleosis (IM) annually, and 9\u201312% meet criteria for ME\/CFS 6 months later. We sought to determine predictors of ME\/CFS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled college students at the start of the school year (time 1), identified those who developed IM (time 2), and followed them for 6 months (time 3), identifying 3 groups: those who developed ME\/CFS, severe ME\/CFS (meeting &amp;gt;1 set of criteria), and who were asymptomatic. We conducted 8 behavioral and psychological surveys and analyzed cytokines at 3 time points.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>238 of the 4501 students (5.3%) developed IM; 6 months later, 55 of the 238 (23%) met criteria for ME\/CFS and 157 (66%) were asymptomatic. 67 of the 157 asymptomatic students served as controls. Students with severe ME\/CFS were compared with students who were asymptomatic at 3 time points. The former group was not different from the latter group at time 1 (prior to developing IM) in stress, coping, anxiety, or depression but were different in several behavioral measures and had significantly lower levels of IL-6 and IL-13. At time 2 (when they developed IM), the 2 ME\/CFS groups tended to have more autonomic complaints and behavioral symptoms while the severe-ME\/CFS group had higher levels of IL-12 and lower levels of IL-13 than the recovered group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline, those who developed ME\/CFS had more physical symptoms and immune irregularities, but not more psychological symptoms, than those who recovered.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T08:04:11Z","timestamp":1608365051000},"page":"e3740-e3746","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Risks for Developing Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in College Students Following Infectious Mononucleosis: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Leonard A","family":"Jason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Cotler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed F","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Sunnquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben Z","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann and Robert H. 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