{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:16:15Z","timestamp":1780578975141,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Neurological Diseases and Stroke"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23NS110470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23NS110470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08NS096117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08NS096117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS086312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS086312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI145437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI145437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Clinical PhD Fellowship","award":["210772\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210772\/Z\/18\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has a high fatality rate, with inadequate diagnostic tests being a major contributor. The rollout of Xpert MTB\/Rif and Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) have improved time-to-diagnosis with sensitivities similar to culture, yet test availability and sensitivity are inadequate. The TB lipoarabinomannan lateral flow assay (AlereLAM) offers ease of use, but its low sensitivity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) limits clinical utility for TBM. The Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) assay has excellent sensitivity in urine, but performance on cerebrospinal fluid is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a prospective cohort study at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda, enrolling patients suspected to have TBM. CSF was tested using AlereLAM, Xpert Ultra, culture, and FujiLAM. Results were compared with 2 reference standards: probable and definite TBM or definite TBM alone by the uniform TBM case definition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 101 patients enrolled (95\/101 HIV-positive), 34 had definite TBM and 24 had probable TBM. FujiLAM sensitivity on CSF was 52% (30\/58) for definite or probable TBM compared with 55% (32\/58) for Xpert Ultra. AlereLAM had lower sensitivity than FujiLAM in the subgroup of patients tested with both assays (14% [4\/28] vs 50% [14\/28]; P &amp;lt; .01). FujiLAM specificity was 98% (42\/43) for patients without probable or definite TBM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>FujiLAM showed higher sensitivity than AlereLAM, with sensitivity potentially approaching that of Xpert Ultra. FujiLAM could improve time-to-treatment-initiation, especially in settings where the more technical Xpert Ultra system might not be feasible. Large confirmatory studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,26]],"date-time":"2020-12-26T12:09:14Z","timestamp":1608984554000},"page":"e3428-e3434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM Assay on Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Detection of Tuberculous Meningitis in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8858-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carson M","family":"Quinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enock","family":"Kagimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Okirworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananta S","family":"Bangdiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Mugumya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanth S","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Meya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona V","family":"Cresswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan C","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Boulware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110300350716500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7060-6","article-title":"A 43-year systematic review and meta-analysis: case-fatality and risk of death among adults with tuberculous meningitis in Africa","volume":"261","author":"Woldeamanuel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J 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care cascade","volume":"56","author":"Cazabon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021110300350716500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0822-8","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy, incremental yield and prognostic value of Determine TB-LAM for routine diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients requiring acute hospital admission in South Africa: a prospective cohort","volume":"15","author":"Lawn","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2021110300350716500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01338","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01338-18","article-title":"A novel sensitive immunoassay targeting the 5-methylthio-d-xylofuranose-lipoarabinomannan epitope meets the WHO\u2019s performance target for tuberculosis diagnosis","volume":"56","author":"Sigal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin 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