{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T11:07:31Z","timestamp":1775646451402,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hessian Ministry of Social Affairs and Integration"},{"name":"Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ongoing in Europe in June 2020, day care centers were reopened in the state of Hesse, Germany, after the lockdown. The role young children play in the dynamics of the transmission was unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a longitudinal study over 12 weeks and 2 days (18 June 2020\u201310 September 2020) to screen attendees and staff from day care centers in the state of Hesse, Germany, for both respiratory and gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 859 children (age range, 3 months-8 years) and 376 staff members from 50 day care centers, which were chosen representatively from throughout the state, participated in the study. Parents were asked to collect both a buccal mucosa and an anal swab from their children once a week. Staff were asked to self-administer the swabs. Reverse transcriptas polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in a multiple-swab pooling protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 7366 buccal mucosa swabs and 5907 anal swabs were analyzed. No respiratory or gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in any of the children. Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 2 staff members from distinct day care centers. One was asymptomatic at the time of testing, and one was symptomatic and did not attend the facility on that day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detection of either respiratory or gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in children and staff members attending day care centers was rare in the context of limited community activity and with infection prevention measures in the facilities in place.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T15:13:32Z","timestamp":1609168412000},"page":"e3036-e3041","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Longitudinal Testing for Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Shedding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Day Care Centers in Hesse, Germany"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5100-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Hoehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Kreutzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Westhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Foppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hessisches Landespr\u00fcfungs- und Untersuchungsamt im Gesundheitswesen (HLPUG), Abteilung I (Gesundheitsschutz), Dillenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"India","family":"Ettrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Leondaraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University 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