{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:37:40Z","timestamp":1789767460630,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Roderick Duncan MacDonald Research","award":["17RDM006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17RDM006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007137","name":"Texas Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strongyloidiasis can cause devastating morbidity and death in immunosuppressed patients. Identification of reliable biomarkers for strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients is critical for the prevention of severe disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study of solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates and recipients, we quantified Strongyloides-specific IgG to the recombinant NIE-Strongyloides antigen and\/or to a soluble extract of S. stercoralis somatic antigens (\u201ccrude antigen\u201d) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). We also measured peripheral eosinophilia, 4 different eosinophil granule proteins, and intestinal fatty acid\u2013binding protein (IFABP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated serum biomarkers in 149 individuals; 77 (52%) pre-SOT and 72 (48%) post-SOT. Four percent (6\/149) tested positive by NIE ELISA and 9.6% (11\/114) by crude antigen ELISA (overall seropositivity of 9.4% [14\/149]). Seropositive patients had higher absolute eosinophil counts (AECs) than seronegative patients (P\u2005=\u2005.004). AEC was positively correlated to the levels of eosinophil granule proteins eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05), while IFABP was positively related to the 2 other eosinophil granule proteins (major basic protein [MBP] and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin [EDN]; Spearman\u2019s r\u2005=\u20050.3090 and 0.3778, respectively; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05; multivariate analyses slopes = 0.70 and 2.83, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that, in SOT patients, strongyloidiasis triggers both eosinophilia and eosinophil activation, the latter being associated with intestinal inflammation. These data provide insight into the pathogenesis of S. stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised population at high risk of severe strongyloidiasis syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T07:24:36Z","timestamp":1583479476000},"page":"e580-e586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/i>\n                    Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Patients Is Associated With Eosinophil Activation and Intestinal Inflammation: A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA"},{"name":"Houston Health Services Research & Development, Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Baylor College of Medicine Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vagish","family":"Hemmige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Parasitology and Diagnostics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Damania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Parasitology and Diagnostics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rojelio","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Parasitology and Diagnostics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121703250942900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.02.013","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis\u2014the most neglected of the neglected tropical 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