{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:21:31Z","timestamp":1778656891575,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Nine years elapsed between Gavi\u2019s investment decision to support typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) in 2008 and Gavi support becoming available for countries to introduce TCV. The protracted path toward Gavi support for TCV highlights the challenges of vaccine development for lower-income countries and the importance of Gavi engagement as early as possible in product development processes to support the alignment of manufacturing, global policy, and program implementation. Early engagement would provide inputs to inform strategic vaccine investment decisions that transition more efficiently toward country implementation. Several countries have been approved for Gavi support to introduce TCV in 2019\u20132020. The paucity of generalizable typhoid epidemiological data in early introducing countries has reinforced the need for continued evidence generation regarding typhoid epidemiology and TCV impact. This has led to the development of guidance and tools to support country decision making for TCV introduction based on enhanced understanding of local typhoid burden and risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T20:13:02Z","timestamp":1585339982000},"page":"S160-S164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gavi Support for Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines: Moving From Global Investments to Country Introduction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Soble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeenat","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sosler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hope","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0001","author":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0002","author":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.12.051","article-title":"Gavi\u2019s balancing act: accelerating access to vaccines while ensuring robust national decision-making for sustainable programmes","volume":"33","author":"Sosler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0004","author":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0005","first-page":"49","article-title":"Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"83","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy928","article-title":"A global agenda for typhoid control\u2014a perspective from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","volume":"68","author":"Carey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32149-9","article-title":"Efficacy and immunogenicity of a Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in the prevention of typhoid fever using a controlled human infection model of Salmonella Typhi: a randomised controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"390","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0008","author":"Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance","year":"2018"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ976","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for typhoid fever control: a call for coordinated action","volume":"62","author":"Steele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.04.022","article-title":"Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018\u2014recommendations","volume":"37","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.47","article-title":"The utility of diagnostic tests for enteric fever in endemic locations","volume":"9","author":"Parry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0012","first-page":"421","article-title":"The laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever","volume":"2","author":"Wain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0013","volume-title":"Surveillance standards for vaccine-preventable diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.087627","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of typhoid fever rapid antibody tests for laboratory diagnosis at two sub-Saharan African sites","volume":"89","author":"Keddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2020073002271846600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009338","article-title":"Part I. 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