{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:07:41Z","timestamp":1791180461842,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR002346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR002346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRTCUL1RR024992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRTCUL1RR024992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI007172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 DA041449\u201302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 DA041449\u201302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007338","name":"Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["4479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk of invasive infections; however, hospitalizations to treat these infections are frequently complicated by against medical advice (AMA) discharges. This study compared outcomes among PWID who (1) completed a full course of inpatient intravenous (IV) antibiotics, (2) received a partial course of IV antibiotics but were not prescribed any antibiotics on AMA discharge, and (3) received a partial course of IV antibiotics and were prescribed oral antibiotics on AMA discharge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective, cohort study of PWID aged \u226518 years admitted to a tertiary referral center between 01\/2016 and 07\/2019, who received an infectious diseases consultation for an invasive bacterial or fungal infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>293 PWID were included in the study. 90-day all-cause readmission rates were highest among PWID who did not receive oral antibiotic therapy on AMA discharge (n\u2005=\u200546, 68.7%), compared with inpatient IV (n\u2005=\u200543, 31.5%) and partial oral (n\u2005=\u200527, 32.5%) antibiotics. In a multivariate analysis, 90-day readmission risk was higher among PWID who did not receive oral antibiotic therapy on AMA discharge (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR],\u20052.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41\u20133.82) and not different among PWID prescribed oral antibiotic therapy on AMA discharge (aHR,\u2005.99; 95% CI, .62\u20131.62). Surgical source control (aHR,\u2005.57; 95% CI, .37\u2013.87) and addiction medicine consultation (aHR,\u2005.57; 95% CI, .38\u2013.86) were both associated with reduced readmissions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our single-center study suggests access to oral antibiotic therapy for PWID who cannot complete prolonged inpatient IV antibiotic courses is beneficial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T19:19:22Z","timestamp":1585682362000},"page":"e650-e656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Evaluation of Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Persons Who Inject Drugs and Are Hospitalized With Invasive Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Laura R","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Y","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharushana","family":"Muthulingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan S","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Section of Medical Toxicology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Liss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Section of Medical Toxicology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Munigala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Durkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020121703244788100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6722a2","article-title":"Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among persons who inject drugs\u2014six sites, 2005\u20132016","volume":"67","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020121703244788100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz089","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz089","article-title":"High morbidity and mortality among patients with sentinel admission for injection drug use-related infective endocarditis","volume":"6","author":"Leahey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum 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