{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:25:51Z","timestamp":1791246351783,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation International"},{"name":"Inter-Organization Cooperation and Exchange Study","award":["81861138011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81861138011"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Science and Technology Commission","award":["SCW 2016-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCW 2016-07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX10202102005004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10202102005004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clades and clusters have different epidemic patterns and phenotypic profiles. It is unclear if they also affect patients\u2019 immune recovery (IR) in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a cohort study on 853 patients under cART for evaluating the impacts of viral factor on host IR. We used generalized estimating equations for factors affecting CD4 recovery, Kaplan-Meier curves for probability of achieving IR, and Cox hazards model for factors influencing IR capability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Besides low baseline CD4 and old age, CRF01_AE and its cluster 4 were independently associated with lower CD4 cell level (P \u2264 .003), slower IR (P \u2264 .022), fewer patients (P &amp;lt; .001), and longer time achieving IR (P &amp;lt; .001), compared with CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE cluster 5. Higher percentage of CXCR4 (X4) viruses in the CRF01_AE and cluster 4\u2013infected patients, compared with their respective counterparts (P &amp;lt; .001), accounted for the poor IR in infected patients (P &amp;lt; .001). Finally, we revealed that greater X4 receptor binding propensity of amino acids was exhibited in CRF01_AE clade (P &amp;lt; .001) and its cluster 4 (P \u2264 .004).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study demonstrates that the CRF01_AE clade and cluster are associated with poor IR in patients under cART, which is ascribed to a high proportion of viruses with X4 tropism. HIV-1 genotyping and phenotyping should be used as a surveillance tool for patients initiating cART. CCR5 inhibitors should be used with caution in regions with high prevalence of X4 viruses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T19:14:19Z","timestamp":1586891659000},"page":"1799-1809","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["CRF01_AE and CRF01_AE Cluster 4 Are Associated With Poor Immune Recovery in Chinese Patients Under Combination Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Zhangwen","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvere D","family":"Zaongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University Second People\u2019s Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University Second People\u2019s Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS\/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and 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