{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T05:00:02Z","timestamp":1791608402623,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Typhoid fever is an enteric disease caused by the pathogens Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi. Clinical surveillance networks are lacking in many affected areas, thus presenting a need to understand transmission and population prevalence. Environmental surveillance (ES) has been suggested as a potentially effective method in the absence of (or in supplement to) clinical surveillance. This review summarizes methods identified in the literature for sampling and detection of typhoidal Salmonella from environmental samples including drinking water, wastewater, irrigation water, and surface waters. Methods described use a trap or grab sampling approach combined with various selective culture and molecular methods. The level to which the performance of identified methods is characterized for ES in the literature is variable, thus arguing for the optimization and standardization of ES techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,26]],"date-time":"2020-04-26T07:06:56Z","timestamp":1587884816000},"page":"S79-S83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Review of Methods Suitable for Environmental Surveillance of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Graciela","family":"Matrajt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Lillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8983-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J Scott","family":"Meschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020073002271228100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020201","article-title":"Typhoid fever","volume":"347","author":"Parry","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020073002271228100_CIT0002","volume-title":"Progress on drinking water and sanitation: 2015 update and MDG assessment","author":"World Health Organization\/United Nations Children\u2019s 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