{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:07:11Z","timestamp":1793578031593,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]],"date-time":"2020-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation at Imperial College London","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041kmwe10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore and describe the current literature surrounding bacterial\/fungal coinfection in patients with coronavirus infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched using broad-based search criteria relating to coronavirus and bacterial coinfection. Articles presenting clinical data for patients with coronavirus infection (defined as SARS-1, MERS, SARS-CoV-2, and other coronavirus) and bacterial\/fungal coinfection reported in English, Mandarin, or Italian were included. Data describing bacterial\/fungal coinfections, treatments, and outcomes were extracted. Secondary analysis of studies reporting antimicrobial prescribing in SARS-CoV-2 even in absence of coinfection was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1007 abstracts were identified. Eighteen full texts reporting bacterial\/fungal coinfection were included. Most studies did not identify or report bacterial\/fungal coinfection (85\/140; 61%). Nine of 18 (50%) studies reported on COVID-19, 5\/18 (28%) on SARS-1, 1\/18 (6%) on MERS, and 3\/18 (17%) on other coronaviruses. For COVID-19, 62\/806 (8%) patients were reported as experiencing bacterial\/fungal coinfection during hospital admission. Secondary analysis demonstrated wide use of broad-spectrum antibacterials, despite a paucity of evidence for bacterial coinfection. On secondary analysis, 1450\/2010 (72%) of patients reported received antimicrobial therapy. No antimicrobial stewardship interventions were described. For non\u2013COVID-19 cases, bacterial\/fungal coinfection was reported in 89\/815 (11%) of patients. Broad-spectrum antibiotic use was reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite frequent prescription of broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobials in patients with coronavirus-associated respiratory infections, there is a paucity of data to support the association with respiratory bacterial\/fungal coinfection. Generation of prospective evidence to support development of antimicrobial policy and appropriate stewardship interventions specific for the COVID-19 pandemic is urgently required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T08:24:23Z","timestamp":1588235063000},"page":"2459-2468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":971,"title":["Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Timothy M","family":"Rawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London , London,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centre for Antimicrobial Optimisation, Imperial College London , 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