{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T17:57:42Z","timestamp":1779213462068,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591488000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lymphopenia has been reported as a risk factor for poor prognosis in various infectious diseases, including Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD), and recurrence in several infectious diseases. However, the association between lymphopenia and the risk of redeveloping nontuberculous lung disease (NTM-LD) after completed treatment for MAC-LD is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study with 147 patients with MAC-LD who successfully completed guideline-based therapy. Lymphopenia was defined as an absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) &amp;lt;1000 cells\/\u03bcL based on commonly accepted reference values.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the median follow-up period of 41.9 months after treatment completion, 59 (40.1%) patients redeveloped NTM-LD. Patients with NTM-LD redevelopment had significantly lower posttreatment ALCs (median, 1260 vs 1420 cells\/\u03bcL) than those without, and the univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis identified posttreatment ALC as a predictive factor for redevelopment (hazard ratio, .94 [95% confidence interval, .89\u2013.99] for every increase of 100 cells\/\u03bcL; P = .04). In the multivariate analysis, posttreatment ALC and the extent of bronchiectasis were independently associated with NTM-LD redevelopment. The cumulative rate of NTM-LD redevelopment was significantly higher in patients with posttreatment lymphopenia than in those without (P = .008).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Posttreatment lymphopenia could predict an increased risk of NTM-LD redevelopment after completed treatment for MAC-LD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T19:11:37Z","timestamp":1591211497000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Posttreatment Lymphopenia Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Redeveloping Nontuberculous Lung Disease in Patients With Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Furuuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, the Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Basic Mycobacteriosis, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Uesgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, the Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Yoshimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuyuki","family":"Kurashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kozo","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Research, 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