{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T23:32:14Z","timestamp":1772580734250,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008363","name":"Danish Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R134-A8560-15-S42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R134-A8560-15-S42"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006286","name":"Aage Bang Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["46\u20132014\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46\u20132014\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Arvid Nilssons Foundation"},{"name":"Johannes Clemmensen Foundation","award":["117844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["117844"]}]},{"name":"Grosserer L. F. Foghts Foundation","award":["21.053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21.053"]}]},{"name":"Danish Dermatological Society Research Foundation"},{"name":"Danish Kidney Association Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)\u2013related cancers, including anal cancer. We investigated the prevalence of anal high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in RTRs compared with immunocompetent controls and risk factors for anal HSIL in RTRs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 247 RTRs and 248 controls in this cross-sectional study. We obtained anal samples for HPV testing with INNO-LiPA and performed high-resolution anoscopy on all participants. The participants completed a questionnaire on lifestyle and sexual habits. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of histologically confirmed anal HSIL in RTRs vs controls and risk factors for anal HSIL in RTRs, stratified by sex and anal high-risk (hr) HPV status, adjusting for age, smoking, lifetime sexual partners, and receptive anal sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RTRs had higher anal HSIL prevalence than controls, both among men (6.5% vs 0.8%; adjusted OR [aOR], 11.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.46\u2013291.17]) and women (15.4% vs 4.0%; aOR, 6.41 [95% CI, 2.14\u201324.10]). Among those with anal hrHPV, RTRs had higher anal HSIL prevalence than controls (33.8% vs 9.5%; aOR, 6.06 [95% CI, 2.16\u201320.27]). Having had receptive anal sex (aOR, 6.23 [95% CI, 2.23\u201319.08]) or genital warts (aOR, 4.21 [95% CI, 1.53\u201311.48]) were risk factors for anal HSIL in RTRs. All HSIL cases occurred in individuals with anal hrHPV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RTRs had increased risk of anal HSIL compared with immunocompetent controls, with particularly high prevalence in female RTRs. Receptive anal sex, previous genital warts, and anal hrHPV infection were risk factors for anal HSIL in RTRs. Screening for anal HSIL in RTRs should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT03018927.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T03:35:31Z","timestamp":1591932931000},"page":"21-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Risk of Anal High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Among Renal Transplant Recipients Compared With Immunocompetent Controls"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-696X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helle K","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merete","family":"H\u00e6dersdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise T","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Hertzum-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trine Thorborg","family":"Lok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Bonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren S","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesper Melchior","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel M","family":"Palefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Center, University of California, San Francisco Anal Neoplasia Clinic, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne K","family":"Kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070111144271100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw304","article-title":"Cancer risk and mortality after kidney transplantation: a population-based study on differences between Danish centres using standard immunosuppression with and without glucocorticoids","volume":"31","author":"Engberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial 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