{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:07:31Z","timestamp":1740128851549,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS","award":["U01AI069907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069907"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001027","name":"Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) failure is a major threat to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) programs, with implications for individual- and population-level outcomes. Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIVA) should be a focus for treatment failure given their poorer outcomes compared to children and adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data (2014\u20132018) from a regional cohort of Asian PHIVA who received at least 6 months of continuous cART were analyzed. Treatment failure was defined according to World Health Organization criteria. Descriptive analyses were used to report treatment failure and subsequent management and evaluate postfailure CD4 count and viral load trends. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to compare the cumulative incidence of death and loss to follow-up (LTFU) by treatment failure status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total 3196 PHIVA were included in the analysis with a median follow-up period of 3.0 years, of whom 230 (7.2%) had experienced 292 treatment failure events (161 virologic, 128 immunologic, 11 clinical) at a rate of 3.78 per 100 person-years. Of the 292 treatment failure events, 31 (10.6%) had a subsequent cART switch within 6 months, which resulted in better immunologic and virologic outcomes compared to those who did not switch cART. The 5-year cumulative incidence of death and LTFU following treatment failure was 18.5% compared to 10.1% without treatment failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Improved implementation of virologic monitoring is required to realize the benefits of virologic determination of cART failure. There is a need to address issues related to accessibility to subsequent cART regimens, poor adherence limiting scope to switch regimens, and the role of antiretroviral resistance testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T11:26:10Z","timestamp":1592825170000},"page":"e1919-e1926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification, Management, and Outcomes of Combination Antiretroviral Treatment Failure in Adolescents With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Asia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam W","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tavitiya","family":"Sudjaritruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, and Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thahira J","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Children Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suvaporn","family":"Anugulruengkit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagalingeswaran","family":"Kumarasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chennai Antiviral Research and Treatment Clinical Research Site, VHS-Infectious Diseases Medical Centre, Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanatpreeya","family":"Phongsamart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penh Sun","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for HIV\/AIDS, Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khanh Huu","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lam","family":"Van Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viet Chau","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradthana","family":"Ounchanum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanyawee","family":"Puthanakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 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