{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T21:21:57Z","timestamp":1792876917923,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["177499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["177499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SHCS Research Foundation"},{"name":"Stiftung Institut f\u00fcr klinische Epidemiologie"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["166204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["166204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prevalence of potential drug\u2013drug interactions (PDDIs) between antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and co-medications was high in 2008 in a Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) survey. We reassessed the prevalence of PDDIs in the era of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase inhibitors (INIs), characterized by more favorable interaction profiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of PDDIs in treated HIV-positive individuals was assessed for the period 01\u201312\/2018 by linkage of the Liverpool HIV drug interactions and SHCS databases. PDDIs were categorized as harmful (red flagged), of potential clinical relevance (amber flagged), or of weak clinical significance (yellow flagged).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 9298 included individuals, median age was 51 years (IQR, 43\u201358), and 72% were males. Individuals received unboosted INIs (40%), boosted ARVs (30%), and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) (32%)\u2013based regimens. In the entire cohort, 68% received\u2005\u22651 co-medication, 14% had polypharmacy (\u22655 co-medications) and 29% had\u2005\u22651 PDDI. Among individuals with co-medication, the prevalence of combined amber and yellow PDDIs was 43% (33% amber\u2014mostly with cardiovascular drugs\u2014and 20% yellow-flagged PDDIs) compared to 59% in 2008. Two percent had red-flagged PDDIs (mostly with corticosteroids), the same as in the 2008 survey. Compared with 2008, fewer individuals received boosted ARVs (\u221224%) and NNRTIs (\u221213%) but the use of co-medications was higher.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prevalence of PDDIs was lower with more widespread use of INIs in 2018 than in 2008. Continued use of boosted regimens and increasing needs for co-medications in this aging population impeded lower rates of PDDIs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T19:30:20Z","timestamp":1593199820000},"page":"e2145-e2152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Prevalence of Potential Drug\u2013Drug Interactions in Patients of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study in the Era of HIV Integrase Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Deutschmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiner C","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Jaeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EYE T services, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra U","family":"Scherrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique L","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0933-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Cavassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Hachfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Calmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Battegay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Canton Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigia","family":"Elzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzone e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Lopez-Centeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n General de Farmacia y Productos Sanitarios. 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