{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:36:08Z","timestamp":1762508168025,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24AG064191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24AG064191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000092","name":"National Library of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01LM012836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM012836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In March 2020, the greater New York metropolitan area became an epicenter for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The initial evolution of case incidence has not been well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Northwell Health Laboratories tested 46\u2005793 persons for SARS-CoV-2 from 4 March through 10 April. The primary outcome measure was a positive reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2. The secondary outcomes included patient age, sex, and race, if stated; dates the specimen was obtained and the test result; clinical practice site sources; geolocation of patient residence; and hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 8 March through 10 April, a total of 26\u2005735 of 46\u2005793 persons (57.1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Males of each race were disproportionally more affected than females above age 25, with a progressive male predominance as age increased. Of the positive persons, 7292 were hospitalized directly upon presentation; an additional 882 persons tested positive in an ambulatory setting before subsequent hospitalization, a median of 4.8 days later. Total hospitalization rate was thus 8174 persons (30.6% of positive persons). There was a broad range (&amp;gt;10-fold) in the cumulative number of positive cases across individual zip codes following documented first caseincidence. Test positivity was greater for persons living in zip codes with lower annual household income.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data reveal that SARS-CoV-2 incidence emerged rapidly and almost simultaneously across a broad demographic population in the region. These findings support the premise that SARS-CoV-2 infection was widely distributed prior to virus testing availability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T19:10:25Z","timestamp":1594149025000},"page":"3204-3213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Rapid Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Greater New York Metropolitan Area: Geolocation, Demographics, Positivity Rates, and Hospitalization for 46 793 Persons Tested by Northwell Health"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Samuel B","family":"Reichberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA"},{"name":"Northwell Health Laboratories, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Partha P","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA"},{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Northwell Health, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Haghamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA"},{"name":"Northwell Health Laboratories, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Ramrattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwell Health Laboratories, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA"},{"name":"Northwell Health Laboratories, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA"},{"name":"Northwell Health Laboratories, Northwell Health, Lake Success, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina W","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Drach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, 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