{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:00:02Z","timestamp":1785895202258,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN27220120005C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN27220120005C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carriage studies are fundamental to assessing the effects of pneumococcal vaccines. Because a large proportion of oral streptococci carry homologues of pneumococcal genes, non\u2013culture-based detection and serotyping of upper respiratory tract (URT) samples can be problematic. In the current study, we investigated whether culture-free molecular methods could differentiate pneumococci from oral streptococci carried by adults in the URT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paired nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) samples were collected from 100 older adults twice a month for 1 year. Extracts from the combined NP\u2005+\u2005OP samples (n\u2005=\u20052400) were subjected to lytA real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were subjected to pure culture isolation, followed by species confirmation using multiple approaches. Multibead assays and whole-genome sequencing were used for serotyping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 20 of 301 combined NP\u2005+\u2005OP extracts with positive lytA PCR results, probable pneumococcus-like colonies grew, based on colony morphology and biochemical tests. Multiple approaches confirmed that 4 isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 were Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, 12 were Streptococcus mitis, and 1 were Streptococcus oralis. Eight nonpneumococcal strains carried pneumococcus-like cps loci (approximate size, 18\u201325\u00a0kb) that showed &amp;gt;70% nucleotide identity with their pneumococcal counterparts. While investigating the antigenic profile, we found that some S. mitis strains (P066 and P107) reacted with both serotype-specific polyclonal (type 39 and FS17b) and monoclonal (Hyp10AG1 and Hyp17FM1) antisera, whereas some strains (P063 and P074) reacted only with polyclonal antisera (type 5 and FS35a).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extensive capsular overlap suggests that pneumococcal vaccines could reduce carriage of oral streptococci expressing cross-reactive capsules. Furthermore, direct use of culture-free PCR-based methods in URT samples has limited usefulness for carriage studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T04:28:15Z","timestamp":1639024095000},"page":"647-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of Oral Streptococci Expressing Pneumococcus-like Cross-Reactive Capsule Types on World Health Organization Recommended Pneumococcal Carriage Detection Procedure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1250-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feroze","family":"Ganaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R","family":"Branche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Peasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason W","family":"Rosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moon H","family":"Nahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , 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