{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:13:18Z","timestamp":1789708398380,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing nucleos(t)ide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with anti\u2013hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity, the evolution of HBV serologic markers among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) who were born in the era of nationwide neonatal HBV vaccination is rarely investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated the changes of HBV serologic markers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs], and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc]) of PLWH who had undergone neonatal HBV vaccination. Clinical characteristics were analyzed and the incidences of evolution of HBV serologic markers were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2004 and 2020, 608 PLWH (mean age, 24 years) were included and 62.0% initiated tenofovir-containing ART: 13 (2.1%) were HBsAg-positive, 312 (51.3%) tested triple-negative, 209 (34.4%) had vaccine-induced seroprotection against HBV, and 74 (12.2%) tested positive for anti-HBc with or without anti-HBs. Among 492 PLWH who received a median follow-up of 2.8 years, 4 cases of incident HBV infection occurred (0.59 per 100 person-years of follow-up [PYFU]) in PLWH testing triple-negative at baseline despite ART containing NRTIs with anti-HBV activity. Of PLWH with seroprotection against HBV at baseline, 38 subsequently lost anti-HBs (4.46 per 100 PYFU) and 4 cases of incident HBV infection occurred (0.47 per 100 PYFU). PLWH with an anti-HBs antibody titer \u2265100 mIU\/mL at baseline (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.10 [95% confidence interval {CI}: .02\u2013.42]) and CD4 \u2265500 cells\/\u00b5L during follow-up (aHR, 0.51 [95% CI: .30\u20131.00]) were less likely to lose HBV seroprotection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among young PLWH who had undergone neonatal HBV vaccination, evolution of HBV serologic markers and incident infections occurred despite ART containing NRTIs with anti-HBV activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T08:00:24Z","timestamp":1639036824000},"page":"882-889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Serologic Markers Among Antiretroviral-Naive Young People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Had Undergone Neonatal HBV Vaccination and Initiated Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Yi Chia","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch , Hsin-Chu , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin Yun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang Huei","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu Min","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Hsi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch , Hsin-Chu , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guan Jhou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang Da","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sui Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Ching","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Hsin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien Ching","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan"},{"name":"China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022091519071791400_CIT0001","article-title":"Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021.","author":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"2022091519071791400_CIT0002","article-title":"Fact sheets\u2014hepatitis B. 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