{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:49:58Z","timestamp":1790268598677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"ANRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"ANRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009060","name":"Sidaction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-2-AAE-10774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-2-AAE-10774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We assessed (i) the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and associated factors, and (ii) the prevalence of vaccine-preventable HPV infections in MSM in Burkina Faso, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Mali, and Togo.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017\u20132018 among MSM\u2005\u226518 years old followed in community-based clinics. HPV infection was investigated in oral and anal samples using the e-BRID system. Factors associated with HR-HPV infection were identified using multivariate logistic regressions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 631 participants, 425 were HIV-negative and 206 HIV-positive. HR-HPV prevalence ranged from 9.2% to 34.8% in the former, and 33.3% to 71.0% in the latter, according to the study country. In multivariate analysis, HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.48\u20135.27) and study country (4.73, 2.66\u20138.43 for Mali; 3.12, 1.68\u20135.80 for Burkina Faso; 3.51, 1.92\u20136.42 for Togo) were associated with HR-HPV infection. Other associated factors were low educational level, self-defined homosexual identity, and condomless anal sex. The prevalence of infections which can be prevented with bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent vaccines was 5.9, 27.1, and 34.6% in HIV-negative participants, and 18.9, 43.7, and 54.9% in HIV-positive participants, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HR-HPV prevalence was very heterogeneous between the study countries in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive MSM. Vaccine-preventable HPV infections predominated. Vaccination should be proposed to young MSM to reduce the burden of HPV infection in this vulnerable population and their female partners in West Africa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T20:26:43Z","timestamp":1613420803000},"page":"2184-2192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Heterogeneity in the Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men in West Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Issifou","family":"Yaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD, Inserm, University Montpellier, TransVIHMI, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRD, Inserm, University Montpellier, 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