{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:40:07Z","timestamp":1792172407554,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005743","name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A growing body of observational evidence supports the value of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) in managing infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed observational data on use and outcomes of CAZ-AVI therapy for infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase\u2013producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) strains. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with 30-day mortality. Results were adjusted for propensity score for receipt of CAZ-AVI combination regimens versus CAZ-AVI monotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cohort comprised 577 adults with bloodstream infections (n = 391) or nonbacteremic infections involving mainly the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, and intra-abdominal structures. All received treatment with CAZ-AVI alone (n = 165) or with \u22651 other active antimicrobials (n = 412). The all-cause mortality rate 30 days after infection onset was 25% (146\/577). There was no significant difference in mortality between patients managed with CAZ-AVI alone and those treated with combination regimens (26.1% vs 25.0%, P = .79). In multivariate analysis, mortality was positively associated with presence at infection onset of septic shock (P = .002), neutropenia (P &amp;lt; .001), or an INCREMENT score \u22658 (P = .01); with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (P = .04); and with CAZ-AVI dose adjustment for renal function (P = .01). Mortality was negatively associated with CAZ-AVI administration by prolonged infusion (P = .006). All associations remained significant after propensity score adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CAZ-AVI is an important option for treating serious KPC-Kp infections, even when used alone. Further study is needed to explore the drug\u2019s seemingly more limited efficacy in LRTIs and potential survival benefits of prolonging CAZ-AVI infusions to \u22653 hours.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T21:02:37Z","timestamp":1613768557000},"page":"1664-1676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":271,"title":["Ceftazidime-Avibactam Use for Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase\u2013Producing <i>K. pneumoniae<\/i> Infections: A Retrospective Observational Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Tumbarello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Raffaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Giannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, IRCCS Pol. S. Orsola Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Mantengoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOD Malattie Infettive e Tropicali Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mularoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISMETT-IRCCS Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Venditti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Giuseppe","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Sarmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases, Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino\u2013IRCCS, Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Brindicci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital-University Polyclinic of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Malattie Infettive, Ospedale San Gerardo, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Luzzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo Antonio","family":"Grossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria\u2013ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infezioni Sistemiche ed Immunodepresso, National Institute for Infectious Disease L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico Maria","family":"Trecarichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit\u2013 Department of Health Promotion, Mother and 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Orsola Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Corti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOD Malattie Infettive e Tropicali Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Corcione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Compagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele Roberto","family":"Giacobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino\u2013IRCCS, Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Saracino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital-University Polyclinic of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Fantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"De Gasperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anestesia Rianimazione 2, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Tiseo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rovelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria\u2013ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Meschiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica delle Malattie Infettive, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Shbaklo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Spanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cauda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Viale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, IRCCS Pol. 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