{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T10:45:02Z","timestamp":1753440302428,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPPGH 5342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPPGH 5342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ivermectin (IVM) plus albendazole (ALB), or IA, is widely used in mass drug administration (MDA) programs that aim to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Africa. However, IVM can cause severe adverse events in persons with heavy Loa loa infections that are common in Central Africa. ALB is safe in loiasis, but more information is needed on its efficacy for LF. This study compared the efficacy and safety of 3 years of semiannual treatment with ALB to annual IA in persons with bancroftian filariasis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adults with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia (Mf) were randomized to receive either 3 annual doses of IA (N\u2005=\u200552), 6 semiannual doses of ALB 400 mg (N\u2005=\u200545), or 6 semiannual doses of ALB 800 mg (N\u2005=\u200547). The primary outcome is amicrofilaremia at 36 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IA was more effective for completely clearing Mf than ALB 400mg or ALB 800mg (79%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 67\u201391; vs 48%, 95% CI: 32\u201366 and 57%, 95% CI: 41\u201373, respectively). Mean percentage reductions in Mf counts at 36 months relative to baseline tended to be greater after IA (98%, 95% CI: 88\u2013100) than after ALB 400 mg (88%, 95% CI: 78\u201398) and ALB 800 mg (89%, 95% CI: 79\u201399) (P\u2005=\u2005.07 and P\u2005=\u2005.06, respectively). Adult worm nest numbers (assessed by ultrasound) were reduced in all treatment groups. Treatments were well tolerated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Repeated semiannual treatment with ALB is macrofilaricidal for W. bancrofti and leads to sustained reductions in Mf counts. This is a safe and effective regimen that could be used as MDA to eliminate LF in areas where ivermectin cannot be used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02974049<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T20:06:20Z","timestamp":1614542780000},"page":"2200-2208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Semiannual Treatment of Albendazole Alone is Efficacious for Treatment of Lymphatic Filariasis: A Randomized Open-label Trial in Cote d\u2019Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Allassane F","family":"Ouattara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire , Abidjan , C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Nangui Abrogoua , Abidjan , C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine M","family":"Bjerum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9it\u00e9","family":"Aboulaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de la Lutte Contre la Schistosomiase, les Geohelminthiases et la Filariose Lymphatique , Abidjan , C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Kouadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire , Abidjan , C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Nangui Abrogoua , Abidjan , C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanga K","family":"Marius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Alassane Ouattara Centre H\u00f4spitalier Universitaire de Bouake , Bouak\u00e9 , C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britt","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles W","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary J","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin G","family":"Koudou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire , Abidjan , C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Nangui Abrogoua , Abidjan , C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3873-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher L","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio , USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Research Service, Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0001","first-page":"589","article-title":"Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report","volume":"93","author":"WHO","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007115","article-title":"Progress towards lymphatic filariasis elimination in Ghana from 2000\u20132016: Analysis of microfilaria prevalence data from 430 communities","volume":"13","author":"Biritwum","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS Negl. Trop. Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2611-9","article-title":"Molecular xenomonitoring for post-validation surveillance of lymphatic filariasis in Togo: no evidence for active transmission","volume":"11","author":"Dorkenoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11094-1","article-title":"Serious reactions after mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in an area endemic for Loa loa infection","volume":"350","author":"Gardon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.461","article-title":"Three probable cases of Loa loa encephalopathy following ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis","volume":"58","author":"Boussinesq","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007290","article-title":"Albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans","volume":"121","author":"Horton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200212000-00008","article-title":"Albendazole: a broad spectrum anthelminthic for treatment of individuals and populations","volume":"15","author":"Horton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0008","article-title":"Contract No.: WHO\/HTM\/NTD\/PCT\/2017.0","volume-title":"Guideline: Alternative mass drug administration regimens to eliminate lymphatic filariasis","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2655-5","article-title":"Identifying co-endemic areas for major filarial infections in sub-Saharan Africa: seeking synergies and preventing severe adverse events during mass drug administration campaigns","volume":"11","author":"Cano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1086\/657063","article-title":"Use of high-dose, twice-yearly albendazole and ivermectin to suppress Wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial levels","volume":"51","author":"Dembele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003583","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003583","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of increased dose and frequency of albendazole with standard dose DEC for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremics in Odisha, India","volume":"9","author":"Kar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008322","article-title":"The impact of four years of semiannual treatments with albendazole alone on lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections: a community-based study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"14","author":"Pion","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30175-5","article-title":"Effect of 3 years of biannual mass drug administration with albendazole on lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections: a community-based study in Republic of the Congo","volume":"17","author":"Pion","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0014","first-page":"CD003753","article-title":"Albendazole alone or in combination with microfilaricidal drugs for lymphatic filariasis","volume":"1","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1050","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a single dose of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole for treatment of lymphatic filariasis in Cote d\u2019Ivoire: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Bjerum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0245","article-title":"Semi-quantitative scoring of an immunochromatographic test for circulating filarial antigen","volume":"89","author":"Chesnais","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90162-7","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evidence for stability of adult worm location in bancroftian filariasis","volume":"88","author":"Dreyer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90049-7","article-title":"Direct assessment of the adulticidal efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis","volume":"89","author":"Dreyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.04.006","article-title":"What are the mechanisms associated with post-ivermectin serious adverse events?","volume":"22","author":"Boussinesq","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-79.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of the adulticidal efficacy of repeat high-dose ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis","volume":"1","author":"Dreyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.4.814","article-title":"Changes in circulating parasite antigen levels after treatment of bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin","volume":"164","author":"Weil","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0022","first-page":"19","article-title":"Treatment of bancroftian filariasis with albendazole: evaluation of efficacy and adverse reactions","volume":"10","author":"Jayakody","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trop Biome"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01486-6","article-title":"The role of albendazole in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis","volume":"15","author":"Ottesen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.10.011","article-title":"A double-blind controlled field trial of doxycycline and albendazole in combination for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis in India","volume":"125","author":"Gayen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02231-9","article-title":"Randomised placebo-controlled comparison of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in Haitian children","volume":"350","author":"Addiss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.479","article-title":"Assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Haitian schoolchildren","volume":"60","author":"Beach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90135-4","article-title":"Single-dose treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti infections with ivermectin and albendazole alone or in combination: evaluation of the potential for control at 12 months after treatment","volume":"94","author":"Dunyo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90278-5","article-title":"A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled field trial of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana","volume":"94","author":"Dunyo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90972-5","article-title":"Efficacy of single dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis","volume":"92","author":"Ismail","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e176","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1232","article-title":"Results from two cohort studies in Central Africa show that clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti infection after repeated rounds of mass drug administration with albendazole alone is closely linked to individual adherence","volume":"73","author":"Campillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022070618165381200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007325","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a single co-administered dose of diethylcarbamazine, albendazole and ivermectin in adults with and without Wuchereria bancrofti infection in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"13","author":"Edi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab194\/43499639\/ciab194.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/74\/12\/2200\/44479639\/ciab194.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/74\/12\/2200\/44479639\/ciab194.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T18:40:46Z","timestamp":1657132846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/74\/12\/2200\/6155366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab194","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1058-4838"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6591"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}}}