{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:22:50Z","timestamp":1792794170500,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050zdnc69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Brazilian Research Council"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI136032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI136032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI136862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI136862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis is characterized by a single ulcer or multiple cutaneous lesions with raised borders. Cure rates &amp;lt;60% are observed in response to meglumine antimoniate therapy. We investigated the impact of obesity on CL clinical presentation and therapeutic response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 90 age-matched patients with CL were included (30 obese, 30 overweight, and 30 with normal body mass index [BMI]). CL was diagnosed through documentation of L. braziliensis DNA by polymerase chain reaction or identification of amastigotes in biopsied skin-lesion samples. Serum cytokine levels were determined by chemiluminescence. Antimony therapy with Glucantime (Sanofi-Aventis; 20 mg\/kg\/day) was administered for 20 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obese CL patients may present hypertrophic ulcers rather than typical oval, ulcerated lesions. A direct correlation between BMI and healing time was noted. After 1 course of antimony, cure was achieved in 73% of patients with normal BMI, 37% of overweight subjects, yet just 18% of obese CL patients (P &amp;lt; .01). Obese CL cases additionally presented higher leptin levels than overweight patients or those with normal BMI (P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity modifies the clinical presentation of CL and host immune response and is associated with greater failure to therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:32:37Z","timestamp":1615854757000},"page":"1020-1026","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Influence of Obesity on Clinical Manifestations and Response to Therapy in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by\n                    <i>Leishmania braziliensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Tain\u00e3","family":"Lago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Medical School, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas P","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Medical School, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute (IGM), Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Medical School, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute (IGM), Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz H","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Southern Bahia, Teixeira de Freitas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamile","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Medical School, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Castellucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Medical School, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto M","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute (IGM), Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Medical School, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar M","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Medical School, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute (IGM), 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