{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:48:17Z","timestamp":1791488897408,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merck, Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii varies with geographic region, populations affected, disease manifestations, and severity of infection, which impact treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with culture-proven cryptococcosis during 1995\u20132013 from 5 centers in North America and Australia. We compared underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes in patients with C. gattii or C. neoformans infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 709 patients (452 C. neoformans; 257 C. gattii) were identified. Mean age was 50.2 years; 61.4% were male; and 52.3% were white. Time to diagnosis was prolonged in C. gattii patients compared with C. neoformans (mean, 52.2 vs 36.0 days; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.003), and there was a higher proportion of C. gattii patients without underlying disease (40.5% vs 10.2%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001). Overall, 59% had central nervous system (CNS) infection, with lung (42.5%) and blood (24.5%) being common sites. Pulmonary infection was more common in patients with C. gattii than in those with C. neoformans (60.7% vs 32.1%; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.0001). CNS or blood infections were more common in C. neoformans\u2013infected patients (P\u2005\u2264\u2005.0001 for both). Treatment of CNS disease with induction therapy of amphotericin B and flucytosine occurred in 76.4% of patients. Crude 12-month mortality was higher in patients with C. neoformans (28.4% vs 20.2%; odds ratio, 1.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.08\u20132.26]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study emphasizes differences in species-specific epidemiology and outcomes of patients with cryptococcosis, including underlying diseases, site of infection, and mortality. Species identification in patients with cryptococcosis is necessary to discern epidemiologic patterns, guide treatment regimens, and predict clinical progression and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T04:13:51Z","timestamp":1616645631000},"page":"1133-1141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["MSG07: An International Cohort Study Comparing Epidemiology and Outcomes of Patients With <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> or <i>Cryptococcus gattii<\/i> Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9111-625X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W","family":"Baddley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon C-A","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Huisingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio E","family":"DeBess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State Department of Health, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Galanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan R","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"MacDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Marsden-Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Oltean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Perfect","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"St Paul\u2019s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania C","family":"Sorrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Infectious Diseases Group \u00a0, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022051805253588400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1086\/649858","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"50","author":"Perfect","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022051805253588400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis529","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of Cryptococcus gattii infection: determinants of neurological sequelae and death","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022051805253588400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00126-13","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii 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