{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:09:25Z","timestamp":1782482965105,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007590","name":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nasopharyngeal specimens (NPS) are commonly used for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing but can be uncomfortable for patients. Self-collected saliva specimens (SS) or anterior nasal specimens (ANS) for SARS-CoV-2 detection are less invasive, but the sensitivity of these specimen types has not been thoroughly evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During September\u2013November 2020, 730 adults undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing at community testing events and homeless shelters in Denver provided self-collected SS and ANS before NPS collection and answered a short survey about symptoms and specimen preference. Specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by means of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR); viral culture was performed on a subset of specimens positive by rRT-PCR. The sensitivity of SS and ANS for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rRT-PCR was measured against that of NPS. Subgroup analyses included test outcomes by symptom status and culture results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection by rRT-PCR appeared higher for SS than for ANS (85% vs 80%) and higher among symptomatic participants than among those without symptoms (94% vs 29% for SS; 87% vs 50% for ANS). Among participants with culture-positive SARS-CoV-2 by any specimen type, the sensitivities of SS and ANS by rRT-PCR were 94% and 100%, respectively. SS and ANS were equally preferred by participants; most would undergo NPS collection again despite this method\u2019s being the least preferred.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SS were slightly more sensitive than ANS for SARS-CoV-2 detection with rRT-PCR. With both SS and ANS, SARS-CoV-2 was reliably detected among participants with symptoms. Self-collected SS and ANS offer practical advantages, are preferred by patients, and might be most useful for testing people with coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T20:47:43Z","timestamp":1618606063000},"page":"S65-S73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 on Self-Collected Saliva or Anterior Nasal Specimens Compared With Healthcare Personnel\u2013Collected Nasopharyngeal Specimens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Grace E","family":"Marx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad J","family":"Biggerstaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney C","family":"Nawrocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Totten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A","family":"Travanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis W","family":"Burakoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse Chavez-Van","family":"De Hey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse J","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Harcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azaibi","family":"Tamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer D","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment COVID-19 Laboratory Response Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon R","family":"Matzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Hudziec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly C","family":"Hetherington-Rauth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Pysnack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Delmonico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Huynh-Templeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara M","family":"Stitzlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandria E B","family":"Rossheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Laboratory Response 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