{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:04:31Z","timestamp":1788887071492,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81803148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81803148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81903228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma. Local hyperthermia at 44\u00baC has been proven efficacious to clear cutaneous or anogenital warts caused by HPV infection. This study aims to assess the effect of hyperthermia at 44\u00baC on the clearance of high-risk HPV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A randomized, patient-blind, sham treatment\u2013controlled trial was conducted in 4 medical centers. We enrolled patients with positive high-risk HPVs and normal or insignificant cytological findings (negative\/atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance\/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either hyperthermia at 44\u00baC or 37\u00baC, for 30 minutes in each session. Patients in both groups received treatment once a day for 3 consecutive days, plus 2 more sessions 10\u2005\u00b1\u20053 days later. The primary outcome was clearance rate of HPV 3 months after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After a 3-month follow-up, hyperthermia treatment at 44\u00baC and 37\u00baC achieved HPV clearance rates of 85.19% (23\/27) and 50% (13\/26), respectively (P\u2005=\u2005.014). There was no significant difference of treatment response between patients with single and multiple type of HPV by 44\u00baC hyperthermia treatment. There were no significant adverse events recorded during the treatment period in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Local hyperthermia at 44\u00baC safely and significantly aids in clearing cervical high-risk HPVs, the effect of which helps halt the progression of cervical transformation and transmission of the virus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT03436251.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T20:00:52Z","timestamp":1619208052000},"page":"1642-1649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Local Hyperthermia at 44\u00b0C Is Effective in Clearing Cervical High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses: A Proof-of-Concept, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GCP Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqun","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaoning Province People\u2019s Republic of China, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuiran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youlin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Piguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Women\u2019s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Croitoru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Duo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Hua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"},{"name":"National joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110300445094600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462054679214","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus infection in women in the USA: a systematic 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