{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T12:17:46Z","timestamp":1782562666372,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007181","name":"Quality Enhancement Research Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QUE 15\u2013269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUE 15\u2013269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"research career scientist","award":["RCS 20\u2013192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCS 20\u2013192"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) cause approximately 13 100 infections, with an 8% mortality rate in the United States annually. Carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE) a subset of CRE infections infections have much higher mortality rates (40%\u201350%). There has been little research on characteristics unique to CP-CRE. The goal of the current study was to assess differences between US veterans with non-CP-CRE and those with CP-CRE cultures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective cohort of veterans with CRE cultures from 2013\u20132018 and their demographic, medical, and facility level covariates were collected. Clustered multiple logistic regression models were used to assess independent factors associated with CP-CRE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study included 3096 unique patients with cultures positive for either non-CP-CRE or CP-CRE. Being African American (odds ratio, 1.44 [95% confidence interval, 1.15\u20131.80]), diagnosis in 2017 (3.11 [2.13\u20134.54]) or 2018 (3.93 [2.64\u20135.84]), congestive heart failure (1.35 [1.11\u20131.64]), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (1.39 [1.03\u20131.87]) were associated with CP-CRE cultures. There was no known antibiotic exposure in the previous year for 752 patients (24.3% of the included patients). Those with no known antibiotic exposure had increased frequency of prolonged proton pump inhibitor use (17.3%) compared to those with known antibiotic exposure (5.6%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among a cohort of patients with CRE, African Americans, patients with congestive heart failure, and those with gastroesophageal reflux disease had greater odds of having a CP-CRE culture. Roughly 1 in 4 patients with CP-CRE had no known antibiotic exposure in the year before their positive culture.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T19:56:57Z","timestamp":1620331017000},"page":"1370-1378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Risk Factors Associated With Carbapenemase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Positive Cultures in a Cohort of US Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Geneva M","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie J","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Heath Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Bartle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Portland VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Perencevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlesnika T","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"QUERI CARRIAGE Program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021102017452880100_CIT0001","article-title":"CDC. 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