{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T23:47:49Z","timestamp":1779148069523,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013364","name":"Gundersen Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Qiagen, Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44 AI102435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 AI102435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R43 AI102435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R43 AI102435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>QuantiFERON enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Qiagen) with Borrelia burgdorferi peptide antigens was previously shown to reliably detect interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) in blood samples from adult patients with early Lyme disease and the response disappeared rapidly after treatment. We evaluated the response before and after appropriate antibiotic therapy in adolescent and adult subjects with more diverse stages of the illness.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blood was obtained from patients with clinician-identified Lyme disease with constitutional complaints, erythema migrans, nerve palsy, cardiac abnormality, or arthritis before (n\u2005=\u200568) and 6 weeks (n\u2005=\u200546) and 6 months (n\u2005=\u200545) after therapy. The sera were tested for Lyme disease by standard 2-tiered testing (STTT) and anti\u2013C6 antibodies by ELISA and the levels of IFN-\u03b3 in the blood samples were detected by QuantiFERON ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A positive STTT result supported the clinical diagnosis of 37 (54%) subjects and anti-C6 antibodies were detected in 45 (66%) subjects, including 36 (97%) STTT-positive subjects, and the responses often persisted or expanded after antibiotic therapy. IFN-\u03b3 was detected in 49 (72%) subjects prior to treatment and the response most often significantly decreased 6 weeks (P\u2005=\u2005.007) or 6 months (P\u2005=\u2005.001) after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The QuantiFERON ELISA reliably detected IFN-\u03b3 in blood samples from adult and adolescent patients with varying stages of Lyme disease and the response disappeared rapidly after treatment. Additional studies to more critically evaluate clinical utility as a laboratory test for diagnosis and confirmation of effective therapy are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T19:13:11Z","timestamp":1621969991000},"page":"1484-1491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection of IFN-\u03b3 Secretion in Blood Samples Collected Before and After Treatment of Varying Stages of Lyme Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Paul M","family":"Arnaboldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA"},{"name":"Biopeptides Corp, East Setauket, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"D\u2019Arco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology 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