{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:07:00Z","timestamp":1793113620741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3AI122309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3AI122309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI143447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI143447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control","award":["MOHW-105-CDC-C-114-000103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW-105-CDC-C-114-000103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the incidence of tuberculosis is higher in men than in women, the relationship of sex with tuberculosis treatment outcomes has not been adequately studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study and a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies during the last 10 years to assess sex differences in clinical and microbiological outcomes in tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort of 2894 Taiwanese patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (1975 male and 919 female), male patients had higher adjusted hazards of 9-month mortality due to all causes (hazard ratio, 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03\u20131.98]) and infections (1.70 [1.09\u20132.64]) and higher adjusted odds of 2-month sputum culture positivity (odds ratio [OR], 1.56 [95% CI, 1.05\u20132.33]) compared with female patients. Smear positivity at 2 months did not differ significantly (OR, 1.27 [95% CI, .71\u20132.27]) between the sexes. Among 7896 articles retrieved, 398 were included in our systematic review describing a total of 3 957 216 patients. The odds of all-cause mortality were higher in men than in women in the pooled unadjusted (OR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.19\u20131.34]) and adjusted (1.31 [1.18\u20131.45]) analyses. Men had higher pooled odds of sputum culture (OR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.14\u20131.81]) and sputum smear (1.58 [1.41\u20131.77]) positivity, both at the end of the intensive phase and on completion of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our retrospective cohort showed that male patients with tuberculosis have higher 9-month all-cause and infection-related mortality, with higher 2-month sputum culture positivity after adjustment for confounding factors. In our meta-analysis, male patients showed higher all-cause and tuberculosis-related mortality and higher sputum culture and smear positivity rates during and after tuberculosis treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T15:20:05Z","timestamp":1622820005000},"page":"1580-1588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Male Sex Is Associated With Worse Microbiological and Clinical Outcomes Following Tuberculosis Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study, a Systematic Review of the Literature, and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Vignesh","family":"Chidambaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyan Lynn","family":"Tun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Gilbert","family":"Majella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie","family":"Ruelas Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel K","family":"Ayeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amudha","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranita","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjith Kumar","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ei Phyo","family":"Win","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yangon Children\u2019s Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enoch J","family":"Abbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Blanck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshay","family":"Gupte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jann-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros C","family":"Karakousis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0001"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0002"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Sex differences in tuberculosis burden and notifications in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Horton","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002119"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0004","first-page":"123","article-title":"Gender and tuberculosis: a comparison of prevalence surveys with notification data to explore sex differences in case detection","volume":"4","author":"Borgdorff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000199","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000199","article-title":"Sexual inequality in tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Neyrolles","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00163","article-title":"Sex Disparity in Severity of Lung Lesions in Newly Identified Tuberculosis Is Age-Associated","volume":"6","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0203-9","article-title":"Sex influences the association between haemostasis and the extent of lung lesions in tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11438-z","article-title":"Sex differences in the C57BL\/6 model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"7","author":"Dibbern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93831","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093831","article-title":"The influence of sex steroid hormones in the immunopathology of experimental pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Bini","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.049452","article-title":"Gender differentials of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission and reactivation in an endemic area","volume":"61","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Corona","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0011"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw376","article-title":"Official American Thoracic Society\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\/Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis","volume":"63","author":"Nahid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0013","article-title":"The impact of hypertension and use of calcium channel blockers on tuberculosis treatment outcomes","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0014","first-page":"148","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"20","author":"Moher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Esp Nutr Humana y Diet"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0015","volume-title":"Covidence systematic review software"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0016"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0017","author":"Qualtrics XM."},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0018","author":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0019","author":"World Bank."},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0020","volume-title":"Use of high burden country lists for TB by WHO in the post-2015 era meeting of WHO\u2019s Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for TB (STAG-TB),","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0021","volume-title":"Stata statistical software: release 16","author":"StataCorp.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-15","article-title":"A systematic review of delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Storla","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0023","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Patient and health care system delays in Queensland tuberculosis patients, 1985\u20131998","volume":"5","author":"Ward","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0024","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors associated with patient and provider delays for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0025","first-page":"461935","article-title":"Barriers and delays in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment services: does gender matter?","volume":"2014","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8510(00)00062-2","article-title":"Gender and tuberculosis control: perspectives on health seeking behaviour among men and women in Vietnam","volume":"52","author":"Johansson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0027","volume-title":"A systematic review on the role of gender in tuberculosis control","author":"Van Den Hof","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0338","article-title":"Gender differences in tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment and outcomes in Victoria, Australia, 2002\u20132015","volume":"21","author":"Dale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0029","first-page":"541","article-title":"The association between smoking and sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Osaka City [in Japanese]","volume":"87","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kekkaku"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0117605","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117605","article-title":"Gender-dependent differences in plasma matrix metalloproteinase-8 elevated in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Sathyamoorthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.578","article-title":"Epidemiology of amebiasis in a region of high incidence of amebic liver abscess in central Vietnam","volume":"66","author":"Blessmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01525.x","article-title":"Gender distribution in asymptomatic and invasive amebiasis","volume":"95","author":"Acuna-Soto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir657","article-title":"Sex-based differences in susceptibility to respiratory and systemic pneumococcal disease in mice","volume":"204","author":"Kadioglu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0034","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00330-7","article-title":"Sex differences in severity and mortality from COVID-19: are males more vulnerable?","volume":"11","author":"Pradhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241541","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241541","article-title":"Factors associated with disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01385.x","article-title":"T cell activation, apoptosis and cytokine dysregulation in the (co)pathogenesis of HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)","volume":"122","author":"Hertoghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2018.1472165","article-title":"Malnutrition and associated disorders in tuberculosis and its therapy","volume":"16","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Diet Suppl"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00342","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00342-16","article-title":"The importance of first impressions: early events in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection influence outcome","volume":"7","author":"Cadena","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.2.430","article-title":"Sex differences in the susceptibility of mice to infection induced by Mycobacterium intracellulare","volume":"142","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.11.4089-4096.1991","article-title":"Sex differences in host resistance to Mycobacterium marinum infection in mice","volume":"59","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.063545","article-title":"Testosterone reduces macrophage expression in the mouse of Toll-like receptor 4, a trigger for inflammation and innate immunity","volume":"78","author":"Rettew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi008","article-title":"Sex hormones and the immune response in humans","volume":"11","author":"Bouman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C35","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.277.1.C35","article-title":"Sex steroids regulate pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages after trauma-hemorrhage","volume":"277","author":"Angele","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.2060","article-title":"Testosterone acts directly on CD4+ T lymphocytes to increase IL-10 production","volume":"167","author":"Liva","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v22.i3.60","article-title":"Tuberculosis and sexual inequality: the role of sex hormones in immunity","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800352","article-title":"Androgen and androgen receptor as enhancers of M2 macrophage polarization in allergic lung inflammation","volume":"201","author":"Becerra-D\u00edaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000022129","article-title":"Acute phase markers are associated with reduced plasma lipid levels in a population of hospitalized elderly patients","volume":"46","author":"Volpato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7980","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.12.7980","article-title":"Chronic estradiol administration in vivo promotes the proinflammatory response of macrophages to TLR4 activation: involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway","volume":"180","author":"Calippe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77217-5","article-title":"Inverse sex-based expression profiles of PTEN and Klotho in mice","volume":"10","author":"De Mello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00372","article-title":"Sex differences in autophagy contribute to female vulnerability in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Congdon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007223","article-title":"Storage lipid studies in tuberculosis reveal that foam cell biogenesis is disease-specific","volume":"14","author":"Guerrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.01.017","article-title":"mTOR regulation of autophagy","volume":"584","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2394","article-title":"The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses","volume":"8","author":"Fish","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-018-0185-z","article-title":"The X chromosome and sex-specific effects in infectious disease susceptibility","volume":"13","author":"Schurz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.120998","article-title":"Treatment outcomes for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV co-infection","volume":"19","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021110300444227800_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881400291X","article-title":"Investigating gender disparities in the profile and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in Ebonyi state, Nigeria","volume":"143","author":"Oshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab527\/39593860\/ciab527.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/73\/9\/1580\/41059452\/ciab527.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/73\/9\/1580\/41059452\/ciab527.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T20:45:35Z","timestamp":1635885935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/73\/9\/1580\/6294896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab527","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.04.26.21256155","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]}}}