{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:27:46Z","timestamp":1777465666928,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brucellosis is a severe occupational or foodborne zoonosis throughout much of the world. Although eradicated from domestic cattle in the United States, brucellosis remains a disease risk to people through acquisition and consumption of animal products from endemic countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cases of human brucellosis reported through the California public health disease surveillance network were reviewed for 1993 to 2017.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 1993 to 2017, 492 cases of brucellosis were reported in California residents. Persons aged &amp;gt;65 years represented less than 20% of cases, but incidence in this age group (0.94 cases per 1\u2005000\u2005000 population per year) was more than twice the incidence in persons aged &amp;lt;19 years (0.44). Incidence was 10 to 20 times greater among Latinos compared with non-Latinos across all age groups and both sexes. Brucella melitensis was identified in 80% of patients for whom cultured Brucella were identified to the species level. Of 187 case patients who reported consuming specifically unpasteurized dairy products, more than 90% reported acquiring these products from outside of the United States, most commonly from Mexico. In the latter half of the study period (2006\u20132017), 73% of Latino case patients who reported consuming dairy products mentioned specifically Mexican-style soft cheese (queso fresco).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study underscores the continuing serious health threat of brucellosis for Latinos in California, particularly older men, and the need for targeted public health messaging on preventing the risk presented by importation and consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from outside of the United States, principally Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T19:12:07Z","timestamp":1623697927000},"page":"2023-2030","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epidemiology of Brucellosis in California, 1993\u20132017: A Continuing Foodborne Disease Risk for Older Latinos"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Curtis L","family":"Fritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duc J","family":"Vugia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.5.1216","article-title":"Changing trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in California from 1973 to 1992: a shift toward foodborne transmission","volume":"170","author":"Chomel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0002","volume-title":"Race\/ethnic population with age and sex detail, 1990-1999","author":"State of California","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0003","volume-title":"Race\/Hispanics population with age and gender detail, 2000-2010","author":"State of California","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0004","volume-title":"State and county population projections by race\/ethnicity, sex, and age 2010-2060","author":"State of California","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1086\/340620","article-title":"Infections in Hispanic immigrants","volume":"34","author":"White Jr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3250","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10103","article-title":"Invited review: artisanal Mexican cheeses","volume":"99","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-C\u00f3rdova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(81)82608-2","article-title":"Latin American white cheese","volume":"64","author":"Torres","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.009","article-title":"Human brucellosis caused by raw dairy products: a review on the occurrence, major risk factors and prevention","volume":"292","author":"Dadar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/joca.12001","article-title":"Characteristics of consumers of unpasteurized milk in the United States","volume":"47","author":"Buzby","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Consumer Aff"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1421","article-title":"The Abuela project: safe cheese workshops to reduce the incidence of Salmonella typhimurium from consumption of raw-milk fresh cheese","volume":"89","author":"Bell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032090","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in the treatment of human brucellosis","volume":"7","author":"Sol\u00eds Garc\u00eda del Pozo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0012","first-page":"CD007179","article-title":"Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis","volume":"10","author":"Yousefi-Nooraie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000165659.20988.25","article-title":"Brucellosis in San Diego: epidemiology and species-related differences in acute clinical presentations","volume":"84","author":"Troy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0014","first-page":"648","article-title":"Brucella melitensis infection discovered in cattle for first time, goats also infected","volume":"216","author":"Kahler","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2021121022464924100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00269-2","article-title":"Hispanic grandmothers preserve cultural traditions and reduce foodborne illness by conducting safe cheese workshops","volume":"99","author":"Bell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab551\/39541812\/ciab551.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/73\/11\/2023\/41608406\/ciab551.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/73\/11\/2023\/41608406\/ciab551.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T22:50:37Z","timestamp":1639176637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/73\/11\/2023\/6301131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab551","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]}}}