{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:41:03Z","timestamp":1793335263966,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2 TR002346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2 TR002346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24 HS19455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24 HS19455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007930","name":"Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DE029514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DE029514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Little is known about the relative harms of different antibiotic regimens prescribed to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). We sought to compare the risk of adverse events associated with commonly used oral antibiotic regimens for the outpatient treatment of uncomplicated UTI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using data from the IBM\u00ae MarketScan\u00ae Commercial Database, we identified 1 169 033 otherwise healthy, nonpregnant women aged 18\u201344 years with uncomplicated UTI who initiated an oral antibiotic with activity against common uropathogens from 1 July 2006 to 30 September 2015. We used propensity score\u2013weighted Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the association between antibiotic agent and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 2 first-line agents, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (vs nitrofurantoin) was associated with higher risk of several adverse drug events including hypersensitivity reaction (hazard ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 2.30\u20132.98), acute renal failure (2.56; 1.55\u20134.25), skin rash (2.42; 2.13\u20132.75), urticaria (1.37; 1.19\u20131.57), abdominal pain (1.14; 1.09\u20131.19), and nausea\/vomiting (1.18; 1.10\u20131.28), but a similar risk of potential microbiome-related adverse events. Compared with nitrofurantoin, non\u2013first-line agents were associated with higher risk of several adverse drug events and potential microbiome-related adverse events including non\u2013Clostridium difficile diarrhea, C. difficile infection, vaginitis\/vulvovaginal candidiasis, and pneumonia. Treatment duration modified the risk of potential microbiome-related adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The risks of adverse drug events and potential microbiome-related events differ widely by antibiotic agent and duration. These findings underscore the utility of using real-world data to fill evidentiary gaps related to antibiotic safety.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T03:06:55Z","timestamp":1626664015000},"page":"1408-1418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Association of Adverse Events With Antibiotic Treatment for Urinary Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7307-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Durkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinjiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G","family":"Powderly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042816590331100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix773","article-title":"Antibiotic expenditures by medication, class, and healthcare setting in the United States, 2010\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Suda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022042816590331100_CIT0002","first-page":"1308","article-title":"US 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