{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T22:17:14Z","timestamp":1776464234428,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0887X1-4603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0887X1-4603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Following 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) implementation in infants worldwide, overall and vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates declined in children, with variable indirect impact on adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A population-based, prospective, nationwide active surveillance of IPD in Israel, 2004\u20132019 (for adults \u226518 years, 2009\u20132019). The 7-valent PCV (PCV7)\/PCV13 were implemented in Israel in July 2009\/November 2010, respectively, with &amp;gt;90% uptake in children &amp;lt;2 years. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) uptake among those &amp;gt;65 years was ~75%. For pre-PCV episodes with missing serotype, extrapolations were applied. Overall, PCV13 serotypes (VT13) and non-VT13 (NVT) incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing pre-PCV (2004\u20132008), early-PCV (2009\u20132011), and late-PCV13 (2016\u20132019) periods were calculated for different age groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 8614 IPD cases were recorded. IPD rates declined by 67% in children &amp;lt;5 and 5\u201317 years, comparing late-PCV13 versus pre-PCV periods (IRR [95% CI]: .33 [.27\u2013.40] and .33 [.21\u2013.50], respectively). For adults, comparing late-PCV13 with early-PCV periods, rates significantly declined by 53% in those aged 18\u201344, while rates did not decline significantly in other age groups. VT13 rates significantly declined in all ages, with decline rates ranging between 94% in children &amp;lt;5 years and 60% in adults \u226585 years. NVT rates significantly increased in &amp;lt;5-, 50\u201364-, and \u226565-year age groups. In the late-PCV13 period, serotypes 3, 14, and 19A remained the predominant VT13, while serotypes 8 and 12F emerged as predominant NVTs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Continuous monitoring of circulating serotypes in all ages demonstrated direct and indirect PCV effects, which are essential for the development of new vaccination strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T19:12:22Z","timestamp":1626894742000},"page":"1639-1649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Dynamics of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Israel in Children and Adults in the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) Era: A Nationwide Prospective 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