{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:01:21Z","timestamp":1780066881559,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages with mutations at the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) have reduced susceptibility to antibody neutralization, and have been classified as variants of concern (VOCs) or variants of interest (VOIs). Here we systematically compared the neutralization susceptibility and RBD binding of different VOCs\/VOIs, including B.1.617.1 (kappa variant) and P.3 (theta variant), which were first detected in India and the Philippines, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The neutralization susceptibility of the VOCs\/VOIs (B.1.351, B.1.617.1, and P.3) and a non-VOC\/VOI without RBD mutations (B.1.36.27) to convalescent sera from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients or BNT162b2 vaccinees was determined using a live virus microneutralization (MN) assay. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to wild-type and mutant RBDs were determined using an enzyme immunoassay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The geometric mean neutralization titers (GMT) of B.1.351, P.3, and B.1.617.1 were significantly lower than that of B.1.36.27 for COVID-19 patients infected with non-VOCs\/VOIs (3.4- to 5.7-fold lower) or individuals who have received 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine (4.4- to 7.3-fold lower). The GMT of B.1.351 or P.3 were lower than that of B.1.617.1. For the 4 patients infected with B.1.351 or B.1.617.1, the MN titer was highest for their respective lineage. RBD with E484K or E484Q mutation, either alone or in combination with other mutations, showed greatest reduction in serum IgG binding.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>P.3 and B.1.617.1 escape serum neutralization induced by natural infection or vaccine. Infection with 1 variant does not confer cross-protection for heterologous lineages. Immunogenicity testing for second generation COVID-19 vaccines should include multiple variant and \u201cnonvariant\u201d strains.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T19:10:53Z","timestamp":1627067453000},"page":"1623-1630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variant-Associated Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Mutations on the Susceptibility to Serum Antibodies Elicited by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection or Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Lin-Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Yee-Ki","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Piao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoi-Wah","family":"Tsoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen Wing-Ho","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Daniel","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Mui","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricky Ruiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Raymond","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne Pui-Ling","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing-Kin","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tak-Lun","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril Chik-Yan","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Hung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent Chi-Chung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Yung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan Fan-Ngai","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin Kai-Wang","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022050517223599600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1898291","article-title":"Lessons learned one year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"To","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2022050517223599600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0770-5","article-title":"A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology","volume":"5","author":"Rambaut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat 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Pac"},{"key":"2022050517223599600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.035","article-title":"Extremely potent human monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients","volume":"184","author":"Andreano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022050517223599600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00573-0","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape","volume":"19","author":"Harvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2022050517223599600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabg3055","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg3055","article-title":"Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in 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