{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:49:32Z","timestamp":1791838172549,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AI113185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AI113185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI027757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The duration of rectal gonococcal and chlamydial infection remains unknown. This basic epidemiologic parameter is needed to understand transmission dynamics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study of 140 men who have sex with men (MSM) at risk of gonorrhea and chlamydia acquisition. For 48 weeks, enrolled men collected rectal swabs (Aptima multi-test kit) at home and responded to an electronic survey about sexual behavior and health conditions weekly. Swabs remained untested until participants completed the study. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates to determine the median duration of infection, censoring infections for treatment, loss to follow-up, and end-of-study. We used log-rank test to compare duration of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, history of infection with gonorrhea or chlamydia, and coinfection with the other pathogen.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>140 enrolled MSM contributed 70.5 person-years of follow-up. Eighteen men had 20 incident rectal gonococcal infections, which persisted for 2\u201323 weeks; 30% were censored for treatment. The estimated median duration of rectal gonorrhea was 9 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3\u201312 weeks). Twenty-four men experienced 32 rectal chlamydial infections, persisting between 2 and 42 weeks; 60% were censored. The estimated duration of rectal chlamydia was 13 weeks (95% CI: 6 weeks\u2013undefined). There were no differences in the duration of rectal gonorrhea or chlamydia by HIV status, history of chlamydia\/gonorrhea, or coinfection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On average, rectal gonorrhea and chlamydial infections last 2\u20133 months, although some infections persisted for 6\u201311 months. Further understanding into predictors of persistence is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T19:11:34Z","timestamp":1628104294000},"page":"1549-1556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Natural History of Rectal Gonococcal and Chlamydial Infections: The ExGen Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Lindley A","family":"Barbee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Public Health\u2014 Seattle & King County, HIV\/STD Program, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M","family":"Khosropour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusegun O","family":"Soge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Neisseria Reference Laboratory, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micaela","family":"Haglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Public Health\u2014 Seattle & King County, HIV\/STD Program, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2022050517223576800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001170","article-title":"Extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia positivity and the potential for missed extragenital gonorrhea with concurrent urethral chlamydia among men who have sex with men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics\u2014sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network, 2015\u20132019","volume":"47","author":"Abara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223576800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000614","article-title":"New human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis independently associated with rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia in men who have sex with men","volume":"44","author":"Barbee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm 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