{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:57:22Z","timestamp":1792659442243,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["75D30121F00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121F00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science","award":["UL1 TR002243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002243"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health","award":["1K23AI137321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23AI137321"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination coverage increases in the United States, there is a need to understand the real-world effectiveness against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and among people at increased risk for poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults hospitalized March 11\u2013May 5, 2021, we evaluated vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 hospitalizations by comparing odds of prior vaccination with a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and hospital-based controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 1212 participants, including 593 cases and 619 controls, median age was 58 years, 22.8% were Black, 13.9% were Hispanic, and 21.0% had immunosuppression. SARS-CoV-2 lineage B0.1.1.7 (Alpha) was the most common variant (67.9% of viruses with lineage determined). Full vaccination (receipt of 2 vaccine doses \u226514 days before illness onset) had been received by 8.2% of cases and 36.4% of controls. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 87.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.7\u201391.3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, and highest in adults aged 18\u201349 years (97.4%; 95% CI, 79.3\u20139.7). Among 45 patients with vaccine-breakthrough COVID hospitalizations, 44 (97.8%) were \u226550 years old and 20 (44.4%) had immunosuppression. Vaccine effectiveness was lower among patients with immunosuppression (62.9%; 95% CI,20.8\u201382.6) than without immunosuppression (91.3%; 95% CI, 85.6\u201394.8).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During March\u2013May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were highly effective for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations among US adults. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but effectiveness was lower in the immunosuppressed population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T19:11:34Z","timestamp":1628104294000},"page":"1515-1524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Effectiveness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccines for Preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Mark W","family":"Tenforde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish M","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adit A","family":"Ginde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Douin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Keipp","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Zepeski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjusha","family":"Gaglani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tresa","family":"McNeal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekhar","family":"Ghamande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan I","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin W","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Clark","family":"Files","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David N","family":"Hager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arber","family":"Shehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E","family":"Prekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi L","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C","family":"Exline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle N","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay S","family":"Steingrub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ithan D","family":"Peltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily T","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold S","family":"Monto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine L","family":"Hough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence W","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin C","family":"ten Lohuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Critical Care Center, Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer G","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra June","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Qadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven Y","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mallow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley B","family":"Gershengorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary M","family":"Babcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie H","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Halasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam S","family":"Lauring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos G","family":"Grijalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd W","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian D","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B","family":"Stubblefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Baughman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey N","family":"Womack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Lindsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly W","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha M","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J","family":"Schrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miwako","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R","family":"Verani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley H","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0001","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0002","author":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration."},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine","volume":"384","author":"Baden","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6915e3","article-title":"Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab462","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness for prevention of severe influenza-associated illness among adults in the United States, 2019-2020: a test-negative study","author":"Grijalva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0007","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization in the United States, 2019-2020","author":"Tenforde","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy723","article-title":"Prevention of influenza hospitalization among adults in the United States, 2015-2016: results from the US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN)","volume":"220","author":"Ferdinands","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.026","article-title":"The case test-negative design for studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine","volume":"31","author":"Foppa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001366","article-title":"Theoretical framework for retrospective studies of the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines","volume":"32","author":"Lewnard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0011","author":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7018e1","article-title":"Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines against COVID-19 among hospitalized adults aged \u226565 years - United States, January-March 2021","volume":"70","author":"Tenforde","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0504","article-title":"The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application","author":"Lauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab273","article-title":"Modeling the impacts of clinical influenza testing on influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates","author":"Feldstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1453","article-title":"Incorporating real-time influenza detection into the test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness: the Real-time Test-negative Design (rtTND)","volume":"72","author":"Feldstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0016","author":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration."},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0017","author":"Quick"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0770-5","article-title":"A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 lineages to assist genomic epidemiology","volume":"5","author":"Rambaut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0019","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700153","article-title":"Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the United States during the 2015-2016 season","volume":"377","author":"Jackson","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71079","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071079","article-title":"Does raising type 1 error rate improve power to detect interactions in linear regression models? A simulation study","volume":"8","author":"Durand","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7013e3","article-title":"Interim estimates of vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers - eight U.S. locations, December 2020-March 2021","volume":"70","author":"Thompson","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7020e2","article-title":"Interim estimates of vaccine effectiveness of Pfizer-Biontech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines among health care personnel - 33 U.S. sites, January-March 2021","volume":"70","author":"Pilishvili","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7489","article-title":"Antibody response to 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine series in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"325","author":"Boyarsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220656","article-title":"High antibody response to two-dose SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccination in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases","author":"Ruddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191493","article-title":"Analysis of marketscan data for immunosuppressive conditions and hospitalizations for acute respiratory illness, United States","volume":"26","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101765","article-title":"BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting","volume":"384","author":"Dagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2705.204523","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22 US states and DC, January 1-October 1, 2020","volume":"27","author":"Hollis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218828","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.8828","article-title":"Trends in patient characteristics and COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"4","author":"Roth","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0031","author":"HealthData.gov."},{"key":"2022050517223948700_CIT0032","author":"United States Census Bureau."}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab687\/40417217\/ciab687.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/74\/9\/1515\/43525146\/ciab687.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/74\/9\/1515\/43525146\/ciab687.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1651771685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/74\/9\/1515\/6343399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab687","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]}}}