{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:02:16Z","timestamp":1788109336873,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In response to the recent serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease (IMD-W) epidemic in the Netherlands, meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccination for children aged 14 months was replaced with a MenACWY conjugate vaccination, and a mass campaign targeting individuals aged 14\u201318 years was executed. We investigated the impact of MenACWY vaccination implementation in 2018\u20132020 on incidence rates and estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We extracted IMD cases diagnosed between July 2014 and December 2020 from the national surveillance system. We calculated age group\u2013specific incidence rate ratios by comparing incidence rates before (July 2017\u2013March 2018) and after (July 2019\u2013March 2020) MenACWY vaccination implementation. We estimated VE in vaccine-eligible cases using the screening method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the IMD-W incidence rate declined by 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40 to 74). It declined by 82% (95% CI, 18 to 96) in the vaccine-eligible age group (individuals aged 15\u201336 months and 14\u201318 years) and by 57% (95% CI, 34 to 72) in vaccine-noneligible age groups. VE was 92% (95% CI, \u201320 to 99.5) in vaccine-eligible toddlers (aged 15\u201336 months). No IMD-W cases were reported in vaccine-eligible teenagers after the campaign.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MenACWY vaccination program was effective in preventing IMD-W in the target population. The IMD-W incidence reduction in vaccine-noneligible age groups may be caused by indirect effects of the vaccination program. However, disentangling natural fluctuation from vaccine effect was not possible. Our findings encourage the use of toddler and teenager MenACWY vaccination in national immunization programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T15:55:54Z","timestamp":1631634954000},"page":"2173-2180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Vaccine Impact and Effectiveness of Meningococcal Serogroup ACWY Conjugate Vaccine Implementation in the Netherlands: A Nationwide Surveillance Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-0564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milou","family":"Ohm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan J M","family":"Hahn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"van der Ende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention and Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A M","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy A M","family":"Berbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelmina L M","family":"Ruijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina M","family":"van Sorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention and Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester E","family":"de Melker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre 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