{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:48:24Z","timestamp":1792820904114,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1180644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1180644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Survivors of invasive group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease, notably meningitis, are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, the limited studies to date have a median follow-up to 18 months and have mainly focused on moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment, with no previous studies on emotional-behavioral problems among iGBS survivors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this multicountry, matched cohort study, we included children aged 18 months to 17 years with infant iGBS sepsis and meningitis from health demographic surveillance systems, or hospital records in Argentina, India, Kenya, Mozambique, and South Africa. Children without an iGBS history were matched to iGBS survivors for sex and age. Our primary outcomes were emotional-behavioral problems and psychopathological conditions as measured with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The CBCL was completed by the child\u2019s primary caregiver.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between October 2019 and April 2021, 573 children (mean age, 7.18 years) were assessed, including 156 iGBS survivors and 417 non-iGBS comparison children. On average, we observed more total problems and more anxiety, attention, and conduct problems for school-aged iGBS survivors compared with the non-iGBS group. No differences were found in the proportion of clinically significant psychopathological conditions defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggested that school-aged iGBS survivors experienced increased mild emotional behavioral problems that may affect children and families. At-risk neonates including iGBS survivors need long-term follow-up with integrated emotional-behavioral assessments and appropriate care. Scale-up will require simplified assessments that are free and culturally adapted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T11:55:28Z","timestamp":1632225328000},"page":"S35-S43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes in Childhood for Survivors of Invasive Group B <i>Streptococcus<\/i> Disease in Infancy: Findings From 5 Low- and Middle-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jaya","family":"Chandna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Adolescent, Repr oductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Hsin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Adolescent, Repr oductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyaad","family":"Dangor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Leahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santhanam","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hima B","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Department, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Mucasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Manhi\u00e7a, Maputo, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quique","family":"Bassat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Manhi\u00e7a, Maputo, Mozambique"},{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u (University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Consorcio de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azucena","family":"Bardaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Manhi\u00e7a, Maputo, Mozambique"},{"name":"ISGlobal, Hospital Cl\u00ednic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, KEMRI Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya"},{"name":"Institute of Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carophine","family":"Nasambu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, KEMRI Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, KEMRI Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"S\u00e1nchez Yanotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Libster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Milner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodisability & Rehabilitation Research Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute 2, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Proma","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Adolescent, Repr oductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy E","family":"Lawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Adolescent, Repr oductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"GBS Low and Middle income Collaborative Group for Long-term Outcomes group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabir A","family":"Madhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"D","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"L","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lois","family":"Harden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azra","family":"Ghoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibongile","family":"Mbatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lowick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Jaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay G","family":"Lala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Sithole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Msayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ntombifuthi","family":"Kumalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tshepiso Nompumelelo","family":"Msibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H B","family":"J","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Arumugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandhini","family":"Murugesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandhini","family":"Rajendraprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohana","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam Mabrouk","family":"Adan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick Vidzo","family":"Katana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Mwangome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C R","family":"N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"B","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azucena","family":"Bardaj\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justina","family":"Bramugy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"M","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Massora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"L","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C S","family":"Y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conrado J","family":"Llapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A K","family":"M","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-0957-1","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of children with bacterial meningitis with emphasis on behavioural characteristics","volume":"161","author":"Berg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181ef25f7","article-title":"Long-term sequelae of childhood bacterial meningitis: an underappreciated problem","volume":"30","author":"Chandran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1100","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30309-7","article-title":"Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"6","author":"Olusanya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0005","volume-title":"Essentials of child psychopathology","author":"Wilmshurst","year":"2005"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classifying Korean children\u2019s behavioral problems and their influencing factors: a latent profile analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Child Care Edu Policy"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix656","article-title":"Infant group B streptococcal disease incidence and serotypes worldwide: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"65","author":"Madrid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61651-6","article-title":"Group B streptococcal disease in infants aged younger than 3 months: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"379","author":"Edmond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.13185.1","article-title":"Quantifying long-term health and economic outcomes for survivors of group B Streptococcus invasive disease in infancy: protocol of a multi-country study in Argentina, India, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa","volume":"4","author":"Paul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gates Open Res"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2011.613090","article-title":"Health-related quality-of-life and behavioural outcome in survivors of childhood meningitis","volume":"25","author":"Sumpter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix663","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental impairment in children after group B streptococcal disease worldwide: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"65","author":"Kohli-Lynch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70180-1","article-title":"Outcomes of invasive meningococcal serogroup B disease in children and adolescents (MOSAIC): a case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Viner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0013"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0014"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0015"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0016","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: an integrated system of multi-informant assessment","author":"Achenbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0017","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles: an integrated system of multi-informant assessment; child behavior checklist for ages 1 1\/2-5; language development survey; caregiver - teacher report form","author":"Achenbach","year":"2000"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2017.04.023","article-title":"Incremental validity of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Vietnam","volume":"29","author":"Dang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002044","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002044","article-title":"Exclusive breastfeeding and cognition, executive function, and behavioural disorders in primary school-aged children in rural South Africa: a cohort analysis","volume":"13","author":"Rochat","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0020","volume-title":"DSM-oriented guide for the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA\u00ae): an integrated system of multi-informant assessment","author":"Achenbach","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.85.1.6","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome in meningococcal disease: a case-control study","volume":"85","author":"Fellick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.5.646","article-title":"Adverse outcomes of bacterial meningitis in school-age survivors","volume":"95","author":"Grimwood","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.5.395","article-title":"Long term follow up after meningitis in infancy: behaviour of teenagers","volume":"88","author":"Halket","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1048-2","article-title":"Long-term cognitive outcomes after sepsis: a translational systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Barichello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00682.x","article-title":"Behaviour is not really at risk after surviving meningitis in childhood","volume":"97","author":"Ritchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.8.766","article-title":"Parent identification of early emerging child behavior problems: predictors of sharing parental concern with health providers","volume":"158","author":"Ellingson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.592","article-title":"Prevalence of child mental health problems in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Cortina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0028","article-title":"A systematic review of tools used to screen and assess for externalising behaviour symptoms in low and middle income settings. Global Mental Health 2019; 6:e13","author":"Maldonado"},{"key":"2022012019513730800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315431","article-title":"Rating early child development outcome measurement tools for routine health programme use","volume":"104","author":"Boggs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab821\/40928958\/ciab821.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/74\/Supplement_1\/S35\/42249060\/ciab821.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/74\/Supplement_1\/S35\/42249060\/ciab821.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T19:52:07Z","timestamp":1642708327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/74\/Supplement_1\/S35\/6412609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab821","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]}}}