{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:44:25Z","timestamp":1790502265570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Observations of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from mother to fetus have recently been described in the literature. However, the consequences of such transmission, whether fetal or neonatal, are poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From a case of in utero fetal death at 24+2 weeks of gestation that occurred 7 days after the diagnosis of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the mother, we isolated the incriminating virus by immunochemistry and molecular techniques in several fetal tissues, with a variant analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The fetal demise could be explained by the presence of placental histological lesions, such as histiocytic intervillositis and trophoblastic necrosis, in addition to fetal tissue damage. We observed mild fetal growth retardation and visceral damage to the liver, causing hepatocellular damage and hemosiderosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of fetal demise secondary to maternal\u2013fetal transmission of SARSCoV- 2 with a congenital infection and a pathological description of placental and fetal tissue damage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 was identified in both specimens using 3 independent techniques (immunochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and realtime digital polymerase chain reaction). Furthermore, the incriminating variant has been identified.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T19:13:47Z","timestamp":1631906027000},"page":"e1092-e1100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Congenital Infection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 With Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Clinicopathological Study With Molecular Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5501-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Lesieur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, La Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France"},{"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, La Conception Hospital, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Torrents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, La Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Fina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, La Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France"},{"name":"ID SOLUTIONS , Grabels , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Zandotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e infection MEPHI\u2013Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 \u2014 Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nord Hospital, APHM, Chemin des Bourrely , Marseille , France"},{"name":"EA3279, CEReSS, Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Collardeau-Frachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Gazin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e infection MEPHI\u2013Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 \u2014 Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Sirgant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ste Musse Hospital , Toulon , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Mezouar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e infection MEPHI\u2013Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 \u2014 Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriem","family":"Otmani Idrissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e infection MEPHI\u2013Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 \u2014 Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Lepidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, La Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bretelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, La Conception Hospital, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Louis","family":"Mege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e infection MEPHI\u2013Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 \u2014 Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, La Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France"},{"name":"INSERM 1263\u2014INRAE 1260, Aix Marseille University, Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radia","family":"Fritih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, La Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23628","article-title":"Counseling in maternal-fetal medicine: SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy","volume":"57","author":"Di Mascio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23619","article-title":"Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19: coreporting of common outcomes from PAN-COVID and AAP-SONPM registries","volume":"57","author":"Mullins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30360-3","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.07.049","article-title":"Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"224","author":"Kotlyar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0442-SA","article-title":"Confirming vertical fetal infection with coronavirus disease 2019: neonatal and pathology criteria for early onset and transplacental transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from infected pregnant mothers","volume":"144","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17436-6","article-title":"Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"11","author":"Vivanti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0007"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104868","article-title":"Implementation of an in-house real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay to detect the emerging SARS-CoV-2 N501Y variants","volume":"140","author":"Bedotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1754383","article-title":"Association between platelet parameters and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22088","article-title":"Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcome: systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Juan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0901-SA","article-title":"An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"144","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa559","article-title":"The effects of pregnancy on women with COVID-19: maternal and infant outcomes","volume":"71","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30176-6","article-title":"Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0014","first-page":"1788","article-title":"Can SARS-CoV-2 infection be acquired in utero?: more definitive evidence is needed","volume":"323","author":"Kimberlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14455","article-title":"Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan City, China","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7233","article-title":"Second-trimester miscarriage in a pregnant woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"323","author":"Baud","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2020.e00243","article-title":"Fetal deaths in pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil: a case series","volume":"27","author":"Richtmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Womens Health"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13870","article-title":"Classification system and case definition for SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates","volume":"99","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0019","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1772678","article-title":"ddPCR: a more accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens","volume":"9","author":"Suo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121726","article-title":"Highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic detection of SARS-CoV-2 by digital PCR","volume":"224","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645512","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.645512","article-title":"Specific and sensitive diagnosis of BCOR-ITD in various cancers by digital PCR","volume":"11","author":"Barets","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.07.022","article-title":"Placental barrier against COVID-19","volume":"99","author":"Komine-Aizawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2179-y","article-title":"Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"581","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0230295","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230295","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression of maternal-fetal interface and fetal organs by single-cell transcriptome study","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03218-5","article-title":"Unspecific post-mortem findings despite multiorgan viral spread in COVID-19 patients","volume":"24","author":"Remmelink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30434-5","article-title":"Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"Carsana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3840","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16310","article-title":"Pulmonary, cardiac and renal distribution of ACE2, furin, TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 in rats with heart failure: potential implication for COVID-19 disease","volume":"25","author":"Khoury","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100211","article-title":"Histopathologic evaluation of placentas after diagnosis of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection","volume":"2","author":"Gulersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.07.022","article-title":"Placental barrier against COVID-19","volume":"99","author":"Komine-Aizawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111308","article-title":"Placental pathology of COVID-19 with and without fetal and neonatal infection: trophoblast necrosis and chronic histiocytic intervillositis as risk factors for transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"12","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa089","article-title":"Placental pathology in COVID-19","volume":"154","author":"Shanes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.08.015","article-title":"Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads","volume":"100","author":"Taglauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4947","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI139569","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta","volume":"130","author":"Hosier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03964-y","article-title":"Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and preterm birth","volume":"39","author":"Pulinx","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/2021021","article-title":"Implication de la cascade du compl\u00e9ment dans les formes s\u00e9v\u00e8res de COVID-19","volume":"37","author":"Chouaki Benmansour","year":"2021","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine\/Sciences"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.07.21249116","article-title":"Multi-organ complement deposition in COVID-19 patients","author":"Macor","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022082503012657300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0320-7","article-title":"Complement as a target in COVID-19?","volume":"20","author":"Risitano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab840\/41135779\/ciab840.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/1\/e1092\/45513705\/ciab840.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/1\/e1092\/45513705\/ciab840.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T03:03:53Z","timestamp":1661396633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/75\/1\/e1092\/6374309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab840","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]}}}