{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:40:03Z","timestamp":1791823203619,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our objective was to determine if the addition of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light to daily and discharge patient room cleaning reduces healthcare-associated infection rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Clostridioides difficile in immunocompromised adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a cluster randomized crossover control trial in 4 cancer and 1 solid organ transplant in-patient units at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. For study year 1, each unit was randomized to intervention of UV-C light plus standard environmental cleaning or control of standard environmental cleaning, followed by a 5-week washout period. In study year 2, units switched assignments. The outcomes were healthcare-associated rates of VRE or C. difficile. Statistical inference used a two-stage approach recommended for cluster-randomized trials with &amp;lt;15 clusters\/arm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 302 new VRE infections were observed during 45787 at risk patient-days. The incidence in control and intervention groups was 6.68 and 6.52 per 1000 patient-days respectively; the unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], .78\u2005\u2212\u20051.22; P\u2005=\u2005.54). There were 84 new C. difficile infections observed during 26118 at risk patient-days. The incidence in control and intervention periods was 2.64 and 3.78 per 1000 patient-days respectively; the unadjusted IRR was 1.43 (95% CI, .93\u2005\u2212\u20052.21; P\u2005=\u2005.98).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When used daily and at post discharge in addition to standard environmental cleaning, UV-C disinfection did not reduce VRE or C. difficile infection rates in cancer and solid organ transplant units.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T15:25:50Z","timestamp":1633965950000},"page":"35-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Ultraviolet-C Light Evaluation as Adjunct Disinfection to Remove Multidrug-Resistant Organisms"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Clare","family":"Rock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, The Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yea Jen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg of School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie S","family":"Curless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, The Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen C","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Ross Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, The Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, The Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron M","family":"Milstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, The Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa L","family":"Maragakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, The Johns Hopkins Hospital , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg of School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082502585235400_CIT0001","author":"Data Portal | HAI | CDC.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022082502585235400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.275","article-title":"A prospective study of transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) between environmental sites and hospitalized patients: the TransFER study","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022082502585235400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.76","article-title":"A 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