{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:16:55Z","timestamp":1770711415142,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24 AI067039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24 AI067039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite rising rates of syphilis among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) in the United States, there is no optimal syphilis screening frequency or prioritization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We reviewed records of all PWH in care between 1 January 2014 and 16 November 2018 from 4 sites in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems Cohort (CNICS; N\u2005=\u20058455). We calculated rates of syphilis testing and incident syphilis and used Cox proportional hazards models modified for recurrent events to examine demographic and clinical predictors of testing and diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants contributed 29\u2005568 person-years of follow-up. The rate of syphilis testing was 118 tests per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 117\u2013119). The rate of incident syphilis was 4.7 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI: 4.5\u20135.0). Syphilis diagnosis rates were highest among younger cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women, Hispanic individuals, people who inject drugs, and those with detectable HIV RNA, rectal infections, and hepatitis C.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified PWH who may benefit from more frequent syphilis testing and interventions for syphilis prevention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T20:17:01Z","timestamp":1636489021000},"page":"483-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Syphilis Testing and Diagnosis Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Engaged in Care at 4 US Clinical Sites, 2014-2018"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy W","family":"Menza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon , USA"},{"name":"Oregon Health Authority , Portland, Oregon , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen A","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Dombrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Cachay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2013San Diego School of Medicine , San Diego, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodie","family":"Dionne-Odom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama School of Medicine , Birmingham, Alabama , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Christopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2013San Francisco School of Medicine , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi M","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari M","family":"Kitahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA and"},{"name":"Fenway Community Health Center , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0001","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2019","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6806a4","article-title":"Increased methamphetamine, injection drug, and heroin use among women and heterosexual men with primary and secondary syphilis\u2014United States, 2013\u20132017.","volume":"68","author":"Kidd","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly 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elevation &gt;200 copies\/mL in HIV positive patients under effective antiretroviral treatment? Data from the ICONA cohort.","volume":"88","author":"Giacomelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2288-x","article-title":"Predictors and incidence of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus infection in HIV positive men who have sex with men.","volume":"17","author":"Medland","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy571","article-title":"Syphilis testing among sexually active men who have sex with men and who are receiving medical care for human immunodeficiency virus in the United States: medical monitoring project, 2013-2014.","volume":"68","author":"de Voux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0012","first-page":"2405","article-title":"Intersecting epidemics: incident syphilis and drug use in women living with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States (2005-2016).","volume":"71","author":"Dionne-Odom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30725-9","article-title":"Post-exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline to prevent sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: an open-label randomised substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY trial.","volume":"18","author":"Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz866","article-title":"Doxycycline prophylaxis for bacterial sexually transmitted infections.","volume":"70","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022083020580323500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0507-z","article-title":"Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an online HIV prevention program for diverse young men who have sex with men: the keep it up! 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