{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:27:43Z","timestamp":1790011663943,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals can lead to HBV reactivation. We evaluated HBV reactivation during ledipasvir\/sofosbuvir treatment and 108-week follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Taiwan, 111 patients with HCV genotype 1 or 2 and HBV received ledipasvir\/sofosbuvir (90mg\/400mg) once daily for 12 weeks. HBV virologic reactivation was defined as postbaseline increase in HBV DNA from either less than the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ, 20 IU\/mL) to equal to or more than LLOQ or equal to or more than LLOQ to &amp;gt;1 log10 IU\/mL. HBV clinical reactivation was HBV virologic reactivation with alanine aminotransferase (ALT)\u2005&amp;gt;2\u00d7 upper limit of normal. Factors associated with development of HBV virologic or clinical reactivation were evaluated with logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients (100%, 111\/111) maintained HCV suppression through 108 weeks after treatment. HBV virologic reactivation occurred in 73% of patients (81\/111). Clinical reactivation occurred in 9% (10\/111). The majority of HBV virologic reactivations (86%, 70\/81) occurred by follow-up week 12, whereas clinical reactivation was generally more delayed. Eight (7%, 8\/111) initiated HBV therapy. In regression analyses, baseline HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels were associated with HBV virologic reactivation and baseline ALT and HBV DNA, and HBsAg levels were associated with HBV clinical reactivation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among HCV\/HBV coinfected patients treated with direct-acting antivirals for HCV, HBV virologic reactivation occurred in a majority of patients during treatment and follow-up. In most patients, HBV virologic reactivation was asymptomatic; only a small proportion initiated HBV treatment. Notably, clinical reactivation may still occur &amp;gt;3 months after end of therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02613871.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T12:32:24Z","timestamp":1638361944000},"page":"453-459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ledipasvir\/Sofosbuvir for Patients Coinfected With Chronic Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B in Taiwan: Follow-up at 108 Weeks Posttreatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Chun Jen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatitis Research Center, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital , Taipei City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I Shyan","family":"Sheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chia-Yi Christian Hospital , Chia-Yi City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Long","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horng Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MacKay Memorial Hospital , Taipei City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo Chih","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Chia-Yi City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting Tsung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine and Hospital , Tainan City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. , Foster City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Massetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. , Foster City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vithika","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. , Foster City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Camus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. , Foster City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. , Foster City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangqiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. , Foster City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Gaggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. , Foster City, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-1967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung Hui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Chun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gin Ho","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E-Da Hospital , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Jen","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyh Jou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi Mei Hospital , Tainan City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng Yuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University Hospital , Taichung City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong Nan","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung City , Taiwan and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei Jer","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital , Taipei City , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022083020581786200_CIT0001","first-page":"783","article-title":"Natural course and treatment of dual hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections.","volume":"104","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"2022083020581786200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.011","article-title":"Impact of acute hepatitis C virus superinfection 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