{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:21:40Z","timestamp":1788312100872,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009660","name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CL-2018-20-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CL-2018-20-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Subvencions per a la Intensificaci\u00f3 de Facultatius Especialistes","award":["PERIS 2016\u20132020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PERIS 2016\u20132020"]}]},{"name":"Subvencions per a la Intensificaci\u00f3 de Facultatius Especialistes","award":["SLT008\/18\/00193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLT008\/18\/00193"]}]},{"name":"Consejeria de Salud y Familias"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018780","name":"Servicio Andaluz de Salud 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1-0049-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1-0049-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Currently, data on treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in Europe are limited. To date, most existing data on TBM originate from adult studies, or studies conducted in low-resource settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We designed a multicenter, retrospective study involving 27 pediatric healthcare institutions in 9 European countries via an established pediatric TB research network, before and after the 2014 revision of World Health Organization (WHO) dosing recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 118 children, 39 (33.1%) had TBM grade 1, 68 (57.6%) grade 2, and 11 (9.3%) grade 3. Fifty-eight (49.1%) children received a standard 4-drug treatment regimen; other commonly used drugs included streptomycin, prothionamide, and amikacin. Almost half of the patients (48.3%; 56\/116) were admitted to intensive care unit, with a median stay of 10 (interquartile range [IQR] 4.5\u201321.0) days. Of 104 children with complete outcome data, 9.6% (10\/104) died, and only 47.1% (49\/104) recovered fully. Main long-term sequelae included spasticity of 1 or more limbs and developmental delay both in 19.2% (20\/104), and seizure disorder in 17.3% (18\/104). Multivariate regression analyses identified microbiological confirmation of TBM, the need for neurosurgical intervention, and mechanical ventilation as risk factors for unfavorable outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was considerable heterogeneity in the use of TB drugs in this cohort. Despite few children presenting with advanced disease and the study being conducted in a high-resource setting, morbidity and mortality were high. Several risk factors for poor outcome were identified, which may aid prognostic predictions in children with TBM in the future.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T12:16:18Z","timestamp":1637842578000},"page":"372-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Treatment and Outcome in Children With Tuberculous Meningitis: A Multicenter Pediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9090-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Thee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robindra","family":"Basu Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bl\u00e1zquez-Gamero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Hospital Universitario , RITIP, Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lola","family":"Falc\u00f3n-Neyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Instituto de Biomedicina de Seville (IBIS) , Seville , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Neth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Instituto de Biomedicina de Seville (IBIS) , Seville , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Noguera-Julian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamat\u00f2ria Sist\u00e8mica en Pediatria, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Pediatria, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, CIBERESP , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n Translacional en Infectolog\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica, RITIP , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Hospital Universitario , RITIP, Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital , Florence , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Venturini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence , Florence , Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital , Florence , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8567-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Buonsenso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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