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This article summarizes recent data in each of these key topic areas as they pertain to bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common cause of vaginal discharge. The evidence reviewed primarily focused on updates in the global epidemiology of BV, risk factors for BV, data supportive of sexual transmission of BV-associated bacteria, BV molecular diagnostic tests, and novel treatment regimens. Additionally, recent literature on alcohol abstinence in the setting of 5-nitroimidazole use was reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T04:23:53Z","timestamp":1641961433000},"page":"S144-S151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Diagnosis and Management of Bacterial Vaginosis: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Christina A","family":"Muzny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Balkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack D","family":"Sobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Workowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane R","family":"Schwebke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022041312505000100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000972","article-title":"High global burden and costs of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and 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