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Health disparities are prominent in the epidemiology of trichomoniasis, as African Americans are &amp;gt;4 times more likely to be infected than persons of other races. Since publication of the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, additional data have bolstered the importance of T. vaginalis infection sequelae in women, including increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition, cervical cancer, preterm birth, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Less is known about the clinical significance of infection in men. Newly available diagnostic methods, including point-of-care assays and multiple nucleic acid amplification tests, can be performed on a variety of genital specimens in women and men, including urine, allowing more accurate and convenient testing and screening of those at risk for infection. Repeat and persistent infections are common in women; thus, rescreening at 3 months after treatment is recommended. In vitro antibiotic resistance to 5-nitroimidazole in T. vaginalis remains low (4.3%) but should be monitored. High rates of T. vaginalis among sexual partners of infected persons suggest a role for expedited partner treatment. A randomized controlled trial in HIV-uninfected women demonstrated that multidose metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 7 days reduced the proportion of women with Trichomonas infection at 1 month test of cure compared with women receiving single-dose therapy (2 g). The 2-g single-dose oral metronidazole regimen remains the preferred treatment in men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T20:11:08Z","timestamp":1644523868000},"page":"S152-S161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Diagnosis and Management of<i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Patricia J","family":"Kissinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene C","family":"Se\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Scott McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Soper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W Evan","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davey","family":"Legendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Pharmacy Services, Woodstock, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A","family":"Workowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A","family":"Muzny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022041318575809900_CIT0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.","volume":"64","author":"Workowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2022041318575809900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","article-title":"Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016.","volume":"97","author":"Rowley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2022041318575809900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy079","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among men and women in the United States.","volume":"67","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022041318575809900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318286bb53","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008.","volume":"40","author":"Satterwhite","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022041318575809900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318177ec39","article-title":"Prevalence of rectal Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium in male patients at the San Francisco STD clinic, 2005-2006.","volume":"35","author":"Francis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2022041318575809900_CIT0006","first-page":"2050313X16682132","article-title":"Can trichomoniasis cause pharyngitis? 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