{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:13:29Z","timestamp":1790745209041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sero-Surveillance and Research","award":["2021-HQ-000103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-HQ-000103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People in prison are at increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We examined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and associated carceral risk factors among incarcerated adult men in Quebec, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study in 2021 across 3 provincial prisons, representing 45% of Quebec\u2019s incarcerated male provincial population. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity (Roche Elecsys serology test). Participants completed self-administered questionnaires on sociodemographic, clinical, and carceral characteristics. The association of carceral variables with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was examined using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 19 January 2021 and 15 September 2021, 246 of 1100 (22%) recruited individuals tested positive across 3 prisons (range, 15%\u201327%). Seropositivity increased with time spent in prison since March 2020 (aPR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.53\u20133.07 for \u201call\u201d vs \u201clittle time\u201d), employment during incarceration (aPR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.28\u20132.11 vs not), shared meal consumption during incarceration (\u201cwith cellmates\u201d: aPR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.08\u20131.97 vs \u201calone\u201d; \u201cwith sector\u201d: aPR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03\u20131.74 vs \u201calone\u201d), and incarceration post-prison outbreak (aPR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.69\u20133.18 vs \u201cpre-outbreak\u201d).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among incarcerated individuals was high and varied among prisons. Several carceral factors were associated with seropositivity, underscoring the importance of decarceration and occupational safety measures, individual meal consumption, and enhanced infection prevention and control measures including vaccination during incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T15:12:36Z","timestamp":1642086756000},"page":"e165-e173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Incarcerated Adult Men in Quebec, Canada, 2021"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Kronfli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Dussault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Maheu-Giroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Halavrezos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Chalifoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyejin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Del Balso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Poulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux des Laurentides , Saint-J\u00e9r\u00f4me, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082502592110400_CIT0001","author":"Correctional Service Canada.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022082502592110400_CIT0002","author":"Gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022082502592110400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12528","article-title":"COVID-19 cases and deaths in federal and state 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