{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:54:46Z","timestamp":1790200486524,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221003\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221003\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["6 U01IP001048-04-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6 U01IP001048-04-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We assessed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding duration and magnitude among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLHIV).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From May through December 2020, we conducted a prospective cohort study at 20 hospitals in South Africa. Adults hospitalized with symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were enrolled and followed every 2 days with nasopharyngeal\/oropharyngeal (NP\/OP) swabs until documentation of cessation of SARS-CoV-2 shedding (2 consecutive negative NP\/OP swabs). Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2 was performed, and cycle-threshold (Ct) values\u2005&amp;lt;\u200530 were considered a proxy for high SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Factors associated with prolonged shedding were assessed using accelerated time-failure Weibull regression models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 2175 COVID-19 patients screened, 300 were enrolled, and 257 individuals (155 HIV-uninfected and 102 PLHIV) had\u2005&amp;gt;\u20051 swabbing visit (median 5 visits [range 2\u201321]). Median time to cessation of shedding was 13 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6\u201325) and did not differ significantly by HIV infection. Among a subset of 94 patients (41 PLHIV and 53 HIV-uninfected) with initial respiratory sample Ct-value\u2005&amp;lt;\u200530, median time of shedding at high SARS-CoV-2 viral load was 8 days (IQR 4\u201317). This was significantly longer in PLHIV with CD4 count\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005200 cells\/\u00b5L, compared to HIV-uninfected persons (median 27 days [IQR 8\u201343] vs 7 days [IQR 4\u201313]; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] .07\u2013.28, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001), as well as in unsuppressed-HIV versus HIV-uninfected persons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although SARS-CoV-2 shedding duration did not differ significantly by HIV infection, among a subset with high initial SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, immunocompromised PLHIV shed SARS-CoV-2 at high viral loads for longer than HIV-uninfected persons. Better HIV control may potentially decrease transmission time of SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T20:14:23Z","timestamp":1643314463000},"page":"e144-e156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Prolonged Shedding of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at High Viral Loads Among Hospitalized Immunocompromised Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Meiring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service , Johannesburg , South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South 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