{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:07:27Z","timestamp":1790676447154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID190121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID190121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005407","name":"Food and Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"},{"name":"Theme-Based Research Scheme"},{"name":"Research Grants Council"},{"name":"Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["T11-709\/21-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T11-709\/21-N"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003452","name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"},{"name":"National Program on Key Research Project of China","award":["2020YFA0707500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0707500"]}]},{"name":"National Program on Key Research Project of China","award":["2020YFA0707504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0707504"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010909","name":"Young Scientists Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32122001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32122001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010909","name":"Young Scientists Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM201911014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201911014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health Commission of Guangdong Province"},{"name":"Hainan Academician Innovation Platform","award":["YSPTZX202004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSPTZX202004"]}]},{"name":"Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laborator","award":["EKPG22-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EKPG22-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the pathogenesis of testicular damage is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated the virological, pathological, and immunological changes in testes of hamsters challenged by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and its variants with intranasal or direct testicular inoculation using influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 as control.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Besides self-limiting respiratory tract infection, intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge caused acute decrease in sperm count, serum testosterone and inhibin B at 4\u20137 days after infection; and chronic reduction in testicular size and weight, and serum sex hormone at 42\u2013120 days after infection. Acute histopathological damage with worsening degree of testicular inflammation, hemorrhage, necrosis, degeneration of seminiferous tubules, and disruption of orderly spermatogenesis were seen with increasing virus inoculum. Degeneration and death of Sertoli and Leydig cells were found. Although viral loads and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein expression were markedly lower in testicular than in lung tissues, direct intratesticular injection of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated nucleocapsid expressing interstitial cells and epididymal epithelial cells, While intranasal or intratesticular challenge by A(H1N1)pdm09 control showed no testicular infection or damage. From 7 to 120 days after infection, degeneration and apoptosis of seminiferous tubules, immune complex deposition, and depletion of spermatogenic cell and spermatozoa persisted. Intranasal challenge with Omicron and Delta variants could also induce similar testicular changes. This testicular damage can be prevented by vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute testicular damage with subsequent chronic asymmetric testicular atrophy and associated hormonal changes despite a self-limiting pneumonia in hamsters. Awareness of possible hypogonadism and subfertility is important in managing convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 in men.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T20:22:37Z","timestamp":1644956557000},"page":"e974-e990","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection by Intranasal or Intratesticular Route Induces Testicular Damage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Can","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanhong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Jin Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper Fuk Woo","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, and Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; and The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Laboratory , Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike Yat Wah","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew Chak Yiu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bosco Ho Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril Chik Yan","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Piao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Christopher","family":"Lung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital\/ Hong Kong Children\u2019s Hospital , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Laboratory , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong . Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hin","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin Kai Wang","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok Yung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, and Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; and The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Laboratory , Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0001","author":"World Health Organization."},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1898291","article-title":"Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"To","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3","article-title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13753","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13753","article-title":"Is there any association of COVID-19 with testicular pain and epididymo-orchitis?","volume":"75","author":"Ediz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.044776","article-title":"Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)","volume":"74","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0006","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and viral kinetics during SARS-CoV-2 human challenge","author":"Killingley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Portfolio Journal"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13351","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13351","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its effect on gametogenesis and early pregnancy","volume":"84","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e208292","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and results of semen tests among men with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.024","article-title":"No evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in semen of males recovering from coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"113","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30004-5","article-title":"Comparative tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage profiling of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV with implications for clinical manifestations, transmissibility, and laboratory studies of COVID-19: an observational study","volume":"1","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e978","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1747","article-title":"Coinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus enhances the severity of pneumonia in golden Syrian hamsters","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa644","article-title":"Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility","volume":"71","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa410","article-title":"Comparative replication and immune activation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human lungs: an ex vivo study with implications for the pathogenesis of COVID-19","volume":"71","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e719","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab083","article-title":"Absence of vaccine-enhanced disease with unexpected positive protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by inactivated vaccine given within 3 days of virus challenge in Syrian hamster model","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e503","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa995","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infects and damages the mature and immature olfactory sensory neurons of hamsters","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0016","article-title":"Intravenous injection of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine can induce acute myopericarditis in mouse model","author":"Li","year":"2021; 73:2372\u20133","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2019.06.23","article-title":"Cut-off values of the Johnsen score and Copenhagen index as histopathological prognostic factors for postoperative semen quality in selected infertile patients undergoing microsurgical correction of bilateral subclinical varicocele","volume":"8","author":"Teixeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0018","article-title":"Testicular histopathology and spermatogenesis in mice with scrotal heat stress. Male reproductive anatomy","author":"Dang-Cong","year":"2021","journal-title":"IntechOpen"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8090293","article-title":"Skin inflammation and testicular function: dermatitis causes male infertility via skin-derived cytokines","volume":"8","author":"Umaoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016456","article-title":"Spinal cord injury causes sustained disruption of the blood-testis barrier in the rat","volume":"6","author":"Dulin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.03.004","article-title":"Sperm viral infection and male infertility: focus on HBV, HCV, HIV, HPV, HSV, HCMV, and AAV","volume":"100","author":"Garolla","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02441-14","article-title":"Epididymitis caused by coxsackievirus A6 in association with hand, foot, and mouth disease","volume":"52","author":"Vuorinen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582946","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.582946","article-title":"Mumps orchitis: clinical aspects and mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19507","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19507","article-title":"Mumps virus-induced innate immune responses in mouse Sertoli and Leydig cells","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S177","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw254","article-title":"Ebola virus shedding and transmission: review of current evidence","volume":"214","author":"Vetter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3390\/v10120683","article-title":"Persistence and sexual transmission of filoviruses","volume":"10","author":"Schindell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314884","article-title":"High prevalence of hepatitis E virus in semen of infertile male and causes testis damage","volume":"67","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.161631","article-title":"Zika virus infection and prolonged viremia in whole-blood specimens","volume":"23","author":"Mansuy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0029","article-title":"The scRNA-seq expression profiling of the receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 reveals human organs susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"18:284","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040920","article-title":"scRNA-seq Profiling of human testes reveals the presence of the ACE2 receptor, a target for SARS-CoV-2 infection in spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cells","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002769","article-title":"Orchiepididymitis in a boy with COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2020.101349","article-title":"Atypical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in male genitalia","volume":"33","author":"Ozveri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.05.009","article-title":"Pathological findings in the testes of COVID-19 patients: clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0487-LE","article-title":"Testicular changes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"145","author":"Flaifel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061318","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infects hamster testes","volume":"9","author":"Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618891","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.618891","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 causes a systemically multiple organs damages and dissemination in hamsters","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00604-5","article-title":"Pathological and molecular examinations of postmortem testis biopsies reveal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the testis and spermatogenesis damage in COVID-19 patients","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3146","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.560","article-title":"C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 produced by mouse Sertoli cells in response to mumps virus infection induces male germ cell apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12528","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901089R","article-title":"Mumps virus infection disrupts blood-testis barrier through the induction of TNF-\u03b1 in Sertoli cells","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2022082503022969700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.016","article-title":"Zika virus causes testis damage and leads to male infertility in mice","volume":"167","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac142\/43887714\/ciac142.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/1\/e974\/45513854\/ciac142.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/1\/e974\/45513854\/ciac142.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T03:05:05Z","timestamp":1661396705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/75\/1\/e974\/6530400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac142","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]}}}