{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:31:44Z","timestamp":1770971504589,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23GM132688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23GM132688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Knowledge of the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a third or booster vaccine dose in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or its consequences is critical in developing recommendations for their use. We determined relative VE of 3 vs 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and severe\/critical disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among veterans who had received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine by 30 April 2021, we identified those who received a third dose of the same vaccine between 22 September and 24 November 2021 and 1:1 matched controls who had not received their third dose by then. Using Cox proportional hazards model, we calculated adjusted hazards ratios for symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death after SARS-CoV-2\u2013positive test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 2\u2005321\u2005366 veterans who received 2 doses of Pfizer BNT-162b2 or Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine by 30 April 2021, we matched 395\u2005686 persons who received a third dose of the same vaccine between 22 September and 24 November 2021 to controls who did not receive a third dose. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) were .15 (.11\u2013.21) for symptomatic infection and .18 (.13\u2013.26) for hospitalizations for 3 vs 2 doses, corresponding to relative VE of 85% and 82%. Five ICU admissions or deaths were observed (4 among recipients of 2 doses). There was no difference in VE between BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273 recipients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine is associated with high VE against symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and critical disease in the pre-Omicron era.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T12:20:40Z","timestamp":1646310040000},"page":"e579-e584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Vaccine Effectiveness of 3 Versus 2 Doses of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA Vaccines in a High-Risk National Population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adeel A","family":"Butt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York, USA Doha , Qatar"},{"name":"Research in Quality Group, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor B","family":"Talisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"},{"name":"CRISMA Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obaid S","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad B","family":"Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian B","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"},{"name":"CRISMA Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082503004099200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine","volume":"384","author":"Baden","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022082503004099200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022082503004099200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101765","article-title":"BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting","volume":"384","author":"Dagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J 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