{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:40:51Z","timestamp":1791614451433,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At a crucial time with rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant globally, the United States Food and Drug Administration has issued an emergency use authorization for 2 oral antivirals, molnupiravir (in persons aged \u226518 years) and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) (in persons aged \u226512 years weighing \u226540\u00a0kg), for the outpatient treatment of patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201319) who are at risk for progression. Molnupiravir is a nucleoside analogue, whereas nirmatrelvir is a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, and ritonavir is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor. Drug interactions are a major concern for nirmatrelvir-ritonavir. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir demonstrated a greater risk reduction in hospitalization and death than molnupiravir compared to placebo. Both drugs need to be started within 5 days of symptoms onset and given for 5 days\u2019 duration. This article reviews the 2 oral COVID-19 antiviral drugs including the mechanisms of action, antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, clinical experience including trials, adverse events, recommended indications, and formulary considerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T15:12:42Z","timestamp":1646233962000},"page":"165-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":276,"title":["Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir: Oral Coronavirus Disease 2019 Antiviral Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Louis D","family":"Saravolatz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Mackey Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Ascension St John Hospital , Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Ascension-St John Hospital , Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Central Michigan University College of Medicine , Mt Pleasant, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Depcinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ascension-St John Hospital , Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Ascension Rx Specialty Pharmacy , Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamta","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Mackey Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Ascension St John Hospital , Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Ascension-St John Hospital , Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan , USA"},{"name":"Central Michigan University College of Medicine , Mt Pleasant, Michigan , 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