{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:18:19Z","timestamp":1785190699283,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD074944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD074944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI150349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI150349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pediatric tuberculous meningitis (TBM) commonly causes death or disability. In adults, high-dose rifampicin may reduce mortality. The role of fluoroquinolones remains unclear. There have been no antimicrobial treatment trials for pediatric TBM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>TBM-KIDS was a phase 2 open-label randomized trial among children with TBM in India and Malawi. Participants received isoniazid and pyrazinamide plus: (i) high-dose rifampicin (30 mg\/kg) and ethambutol (R30HZE, arm 1); (ii) high-dose rifampicin and levofloxacin (R30HZL, arm 2); or (iii) standard-dose rifampicin and ethambutol (R15HZE, arm 3) for 8 weeks, followed by 10 months of standard treatment. Functional and neurocognitive outcomes were measured longitudinally using Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 2487 children prescreened, 79 were screened and 37 enrolled. Median age was 72 months; 49%, 43%, and 8% had stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 58%, 55%, and 36% of children in arms 1, 2, and 3, with 1 death (arm 1) and 6 early treatment discontinuations (4 in arm 1, 1 each in arms 2 and 3). By week 8, all children recovered to MRS score of 0 or 1. Average MSEL scores were significantly better in arm 1 than arm 3 in fine motor, receptive language, and expressive language domains (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a pediatric TBM trial, functional outcomes were excellent overall. The trend toward higher frequency of adverse events but better neurocognitive outcomes in children receiving high-dose rifampicin requires confirmation in a larger trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02958709.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T20:19:01Z","timestamp":1647289141000},"page":"1594-1601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Randomized Clinical Trial of High-Dose Rifampicin With or Without Levofloxacin Versus Standard of Care for Pediatric Tuberculous Meningitis: The TBM-KIDS Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Mandar S","family":"Paradkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2013Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site , Pune , India"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins India , Pune , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bella","family":"Devaleenal D","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tisungane","family":"Mvalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Project Malawi , Lilongwe , Malawi"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Arenivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neuropsychology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran T","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center\/New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Nimkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2013Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site , Pune , India"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins India , Pune , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Inamdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2013Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site , Pune , India"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins India , Pune , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathiksha","family":"Giridharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elilarasi","family":"Selladurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Kinikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2013Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site , Pune , India"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, BJ Government Medical College , Pune , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chhaya","family":"Valvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2013Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site , Pune , India"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, BJ Government Medical College , Pune , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saltanat","family":"Khwaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2013Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site , Pune , India"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins India , Pune , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Gadama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Project Malawi , Lilongwe , Malawi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarath","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Yadav Kattagoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mythily","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radojka","family":"Savic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7036-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Gupte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2013Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site , Pune , India"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins India , Pune , India"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Mave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BJ Government Medical College\u2013Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Site , Pune , India"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins India , Pune , India"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly E","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"TuBerculous Meningitis in Kids (TBM-KIDS) Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivali","family":"Agiwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupali","family":"Ahire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjushree","family":"Bendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Chandane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Chopade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamala","family":"Dalimbkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Dhage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Ithape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Kante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Kapre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawshaba","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Madewar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashibhushan","family":"Meshram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Muttha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishali","family":"Nadgeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arti","family":"Nagargoje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Nagraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Nijampurkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prerana","family":"Onawale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namrata","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Pawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeta","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaheda","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhananjay","family":"Shere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gouri","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangalambal","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunasundari","family":"Arasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakila","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Stella","family":"Mary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sureshwari","family":"Karuppaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leema","family":"Pauline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snegha","family":"Karunakaran Pramila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyadharshini","family":"Arul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankar","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke Elizabeth","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruthra","family":"Vijayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surekha S","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Devika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A R","family":"Preethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Rajkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetha","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A K","family":"Hemanth Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Dharman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Sudha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Hissar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valarmathi","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Jennifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Supriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Manimegalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santhanam","family":"Kandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Maniselvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oli","family":"Puspha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Vaishnavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Selvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logeswari","family":"Neelakandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Chiunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moreen","family":"Chunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalo","family":"Kamanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Portia","family":"Kamthunzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kanthiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abineli","family":"Mbewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmie","family":"Msiska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Mumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Zifa Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Palichina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Sichali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Rexroad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke","family":"Hesseling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y K","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.120","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"13","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a017855","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017855","article-title":"Tuberculosis in children.","volume":"4","author":"Marais","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fms031","article-title":"The changing profile of pediatric meningitis at a referral centre in Cape Town, South Africa.","volume":"58","author":"Wolzak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00042-07","article-title":"Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathogenesis and clinical aspects.","volume":"21","author":"Rock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.027326","article-title":"Microglia activation in a pediatric rabbit model of tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"9","author":"Tucker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Models Mech"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13054","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with tuberculous meningitis and hydrocephalus.","volume":"58","author":"Rohlwink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00323.x","article-title":"Long-term follow up of childhood tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"44","author":"Schoeman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15516.1","article-title":"Neurocognitive and functional impairment in adult and paediatric tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"4","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0009","volume-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis guidelines","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2010","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0010","volume-title":"Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2014","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.07.003","article-title":"The chemotherapy of tuberculous meningitis in children and adults.","volume":"90","author":"Donald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau0965","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau0965","article-title":"Noninvasive (11)C-rifampin positron emission tomography reveals drug biodistribution in tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"10","author":"Tucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.3.650","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations and the treatment of tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"148","author":"Ellard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1071","article-title":"Model-based meta-analysis of rifampicin exposure and mortality in Indonesian tuberculosis meningitis trials.","volume":"71","author":"Svensson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.06.009","article-title":"Fluoroquinolones in the management of tuberculous meningitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"77","author":"Rizvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.202","article-title":"Pediatric tuberculous meningitis: Model-based approach to determining optimal doses of the anti-tuberculosis drugs rifampin and levofloxacin for children.","volume":"98","author":"Savic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fmaa034","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaa034","article-title":"Mullen scales of early learning adaptation for assessment of Indian children and application to tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"67","author":"Nimkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0181262","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181262","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels, blood-brain barrier permeability, and treatment outcome in tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"12","author":"Mailankody","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients.","volume":"19","author":"van Swieten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70138-9","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research.","volume":"10","author":"Marais","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0648","article-title":"Value of different staging systems for predicting neurological outcome in childhood tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"16","author":"van Toorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000258355.23810.c6","article-title":"Outcomes validity and reliability of the modified Rankin scale: implications for stroke clinical trials: a literature review and synthesis.","volume":"38","author":"Banks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0023","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning","author":"Mullen","year":"1995","edition":"AGS ed"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0024","author":"Palisano","year":"2007"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0025","article-title":"High-dose rifampicin with or without levofloxacin for the treatment of pediatric TBM: results from the TBM-KIDS Trial.","author":"Paradkar","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0786","article-title":"Challenges in conducting trials for pediatric tuberculous meningitis: lessons from the field.","volume":"23","author":"Paradkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2019.09.007","article-title":"Drug resistant TB spine in a two year old child: a case report.","volume":"67","author":"Giridharan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0028","first-page":"70","article-title":"The effect of tuberculous meningitis on the cognitive and motor development of children.","volume":"87","author":"Schoeman","year":"1997","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811867","article-title":"A trial of a shorter regimen for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"380","author":"Nunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901814","article-title":"Treatment of highly drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"382","author":"Conradie","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-9792(08)70039-8","article-title":"Design issues in pivotal drug trials for drug sensitive tuberculosis (TB).","volume":"88","author":"Nunn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70852-7","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of childhood tuberculous meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"Chiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_786_17","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis in children: clinical management and outcome.","volume":"150","author":"Daniel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507062","article-title":"Intensified antituberculosis therapy in adults with tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"374","author":"Heemskerk","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15565.1","article-title":"High dose oral rifampicin to improve survival from adult tuberculous meningitis: a randomised placebo-controlled double-blinded phase III trial (the HARVEST study).","volume":"4","author":"Marais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00487-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00487-20","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic properties of antituberculosis drugs in Vietnamese children with tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"65","author":"Panjasawatwong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab162","article-title":"High-dose oral and intravenous rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in predominantly HIV-positive Ugandan adults: a phase II open-label randomised controlled trial.","volume":"73","author":"Cresswell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2016.01.004","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of additional levofloxacin in tuberculous meningitis: a randomized controlled pilot study.","volume":"98","author":"Kalita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001137","article-title":"Probable levofloxacin-associated secondary intracranial hypertension in a child with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","volume":"35","author":"van der Laan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000065","article-title":"Short intensified treatment in children with drug-susceptible tuberculous meningitis.","volume":"33","author":"van Toorn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0786","article-title":"Challenges in conducting trials for pediatric tuberculous meningitis: lessons from the field.","volume":"23","author":"Paradkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab162","article-title":"High-dose oral and intravenous rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in predominantly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive Ugandan adults: a phase II open-label randomized controlled trial.","volume":"73","author":"Cresswell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022102916080126300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab336","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of high-dose rifampicin in children with TB: the Opti-Rif trial.","volume":"76","author":"Garcia-Prats","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac208\/43479627\/ciac208.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/9\/1594\/46684602\/ciac208.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/9\/1594\/46684602\/ciac208.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T16:09:32Z","timestamp":1667059772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/75\/9\/1594\/6549152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac208","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]}}}