{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:45:47Z","timestamp":1789238747026,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Ocular candidiasis (OC) complicates approximately 10% of candidemia and carries potentially severe morbidity. There are conflicting recommendations about the need for routine funduscopic examinations of candidemic patients. Indirect funduscopy is accurate and safe in diagnosing OC, and positive findings change recommended treatment. However, conclusive evidence that treatment changes improve outcomes is lacking. Bringing perspectives as infectious diseases physicians and ophthalmologists, we review controversies about OC and endorse routine screening during candidemia. We acknowledge difficulties in obtaining inpatient ophthalmologic consults and recommend studies to evaluate digital fundus photography and teleophthalmology as an alternative to funduscopic examinations by ophthalmologists in asymptomatic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T04:14:11Z","timestamp":1648008851000},"page":"1092-1096","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Screening for Ocular Candidiasis Among Patients With Candidemia: Is It Time to Change Practice?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W","family":"Eller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan L","family":"Waxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius J","family":"Clancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Hong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1194","article-title":"Executive summary: clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"62","author":"Pappas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.07.015","article-title":"American Academy of Ophthalmology recommendations on screening for endogenous Candida endophthalmitis","volume":"129","author":"Breazzano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit006","article-title":"Finding the \u201cmissing 50%\u201d of invasive candidiasis: how nonculture diagnostics will improve understanding of disease spectrum and transform patient care","volume":"56","author":"Clancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197401000-00002","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of Candida septicemia: review of seventy-six cases of hematogenous Candida endophthalmitis","volume":"53","author":"Edwards","year":"1974","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12039","article-title":"ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients","volume":"18","author":"Cornely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0222356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222356","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of patients with ocular involvement of candidemia","volume":"14","author":"Son","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70374-7","article-title":"Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for infection with Clostridium difficile in Europe, Canada, and the USA: a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Cornely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(94)31175-4","article-title":"Intraocular candidiasis in patients with candidemia. Clinical implications derived from a prospective multicenter study","volume":"101","author":"Donahue","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0009","first-page":"34","article-title":"What makes a screening exam \u201cgood\u201d?","volume":"8","author":"Herman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virtual Mentor"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.6.1761357","article-title":"Ten criteria for effective screening.","volume":"176","author":"Obuchowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.0733","article-title":"Utility of ophthalmologic screening for patients with Candida bloodstream infections: a systematic review","volume":"137","author":"Breazzano","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0216956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216956","article-title":"The incidence of endophthalmitis or macular involvement and the necessity of a routine ophthalmic examination in patients with candidemia","volume":"14","author":"Ueda","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab632","article-title":"Prediction rules for ruling out endocarditis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"74","author":"van der Vaart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2004.30091.x","article-title":"The use of \u201coverall accuracy\u201d to evaluate the validity of screening or diagnostic tests","volume":"19","author":"Alberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000919","article-title":"Prospective trial of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis and chorioretinitis rates, clinical course, and outcomes in patients with fungemia","volume":"36","author":"Paulus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31822d3a34","article-title":"Factors determining visual outcome in endogenous Candida endophthalmitis","volume":"32","author":"Sallam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.06.042","article-title":"Outcomes, impact on management, and costs of fungal eye disease consults in a tertiary care setting","volume":"121","author":"Ghodasra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0026","article-title":"Intraocular penetration of micafungin in patient with Candida albicans endophthalmitis","volume":"27","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0183485","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183485","article-title":"Is routine ophthalmoscopy really necessary in candidemic patients?","volume":"12","author":"Vena","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir355","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of candidemia","volume":"53","author":"Oude Lashof","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.12.032","article-title":"Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis: who is really at risk?","volume":"82","author":"Seidelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004868","article-title":"Ophthalmoscopy in the 21st century: the 2017 H. Houston Merritt lecture","volume":"90","author":"Biousse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2017.1419368","article-title":"Fundus Photography vs. Ophthalmoscopy Outcomes in the Emergency Department (FOTO-ED) phase III: web-based, in-service training of emergency providers","volume":"42","author":"Bruce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4053","article-title":"Nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography in neurologic emergencies","volume":"72","author":"Bruce","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1009733","article-title":"Nonmydriatic ocular fundus photography in the emergency department","volume":"364","author":"Bruce","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.026","article-title":"The current state of teleophthalmology in the United States","volume":"124","author":"Rathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2000.7","article-title":"Should all patients with candidaemia have an ophthalmic examination to rule out ocular candidiasis?","volume":"14","author":"Krishna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7465","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01973-15","article-title":"Rate of FKS mutations among consecutive Candida isolates causing bloodstream infection","volume":"59","author":"Shields","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.0589","article-title":"Utility of ophthalmic consultations for patients with candidemia","volume":"137","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000652","article-title":"Complications of vitreoretinal surgery","volume":"31","author":"Belin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.300","article-title":"Adverse events after pars plana vitrectomy among Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"127","author":"Stein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.033","article-title":"Inpatient ophthalmology consultation for fungemia: prevalence of ocular involvement and necessity of funduscopic screening","volume":"160","author":"Adam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.3.422","article-title":"Should all patients with candidemia be treated with antifungal agents?","volume":"15","author":"Edwards","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022092920593597300_CIT0034","first-page":"iii","article-title":"In the literature. Candidemia: does every patient need a complete retinal examination by an ophthalmologist?","volume":"69","author":"Deresinski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac233\/43947682\/ciac233.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/6\/1092\/46205061\/ciac233.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/6\/1092\/46205061\/ciac233.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T21:02:03Z","timestamp":1664485323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/75\/6\/1092\/6553915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]}}}